Results from in-situ monitoring of displacement, bolt load, and disturbed zone of a powerhouse cavern during excavation process
Results from in-situ monitoring of displacement, bolt load, and disturbed zone of a powerhouse cavern during excavation process
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.01.012
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Wu, Fengji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Shouju;Yu, He;Wu, Fengji
随着公路、地铁、铁路、水电站等基础设施的开发和升级改造，隧道和地下洞室建设逐渐增多。水电工业的大量地下建筑工程逐渐引起了人们对地下利用的普遍兴趣。大多数隧道和地下洞穴是通过钻爆法或使用隧道挖掘机（例如隧道掘进机（TBM）或盾构）进行挖掘的。新奥地利隧道法（NATM）是最常用的隧道法之一，它使用钻爆法在岩石中开挖隧道。地下工程中最重要和最常见的问题之一是根据开挖工程中测量的位移和利用有限元方法模拟的应力分布来评估地下洞室的稳定性。如今，在大型洞穴的开挖过程中经常进行现场测量，以监测洞口的稳定性。现已开发出多种开挖技术，采用不同的方法对开挖面进行加固和支护。手冢[1]讨论了日本地下岩洞开挖的最新技术。本文提出的技术具有一些独特的特点，可以应用于不同目的的各种其他地下用途，并应用于不同地质和地应力分析的大型地下岩洞。 Eberhardt [2] 研究了前进隧道掌子面前方三维应力旋转的数值模型。研究结果表明，当隧道掌子面接近并穿过单位体积的岩石时，三维应力场的时空演化包括一系列偏应力的增加和/或减少，以及主应力轴的多次旋转。 Karakus[3]利用ABAQUS软件模拟了地下隧道连续开挖模型，并采用多种有限元方法研究了不同掌子面推进方式对沉降的影响。郝[4]研究了含有断层的岩体中地下开口周围的塑性区和位移。建立了诱发塑性区和随这些断层参数变化的最大位移之间的关系。 Farias [5] 分析了 NATM 开挖隧道的位移控制。通过调整开挖速度、掌子面与支护之间的距离、部分断面开挖和仰拱闭合等措施，对诱发位移进行经验控制。 Goela[6]利用数值分析程序FLAC-3D进行了参数化研究，得到了地下洞室各种形状对最大诱导边界应力的影响。五种形状——即。圆形、马蹄形、矩形、细长的 D 形和椭圆形——都已被考虑过。对于每种形状，采用了四个隧道深度和五个水平地应力模型来研究诱发边界应力。 Golshani [7] 开发了基于微观力学的损伤模型，以便考虑脆性材料随时间变化的行为，特别关注开口周围开挖损伤区域 (EDZ) 的数值分析，这是评估时的主要关注点
Tunnel and underground cavern constructions are gradually increasing because of the development and upgradation of infrastructures such as highway, subway, railway, and hydropower stations. The extensive underground construction works for the hydropower industry gradually lead to a general interest in the use of the underground. Most tunnels and underground caverns are excavated either by using drilling and blasting or by using tunnel excavation machines such as tunneling boring machine (TBM) or shield. The new Austrian tunneling method (NATM) is one of the most frequently used tunneling methods, and it uses drilling and blasting to excavate a tunnel in rock. One of the most important and commonly met problems in underground engineering concerns the assessment of stability of underground caverns according to the displacements measured during the excavation works and the stress distribution simulated by using finite element method. In-situ measurements are nowadays frequently carried out during the excavation of large-scale caverns in order to monitor the stability of the openings. A great variety of excavation technology has been developed, which employ different methods to reinforce and support the excavation face. Tezuka [1] discussed the latest technology of underground rock cavern excavation in Japan. The technologies proposed in the paper have some unique characteristics and can be applied to various other underground uses for different purposes and applied to large-scale underground rock caverns with different geological and in-situ stress analysis. Eberhardt [2] investigated the numerical modeling of three-dimensional stress rotation ahead of an advancing tunnel face. The research results demonstrated that as the tunnel face approaches and passes through a unit volume of rock, the spatial and temporal evolution of the three-dimensional stress field encompasses a series of deviatoric stress increases and/or decreases, as well as several rotations of the principal stress axes. Karakus [3] simulated a sequential excavation model of underground tunnel by using ABAQUS software, and a number of finite element methods were conducted to investigate the effects of different patterns for advancing the tunnel face on the settlement. Hao [4] researched the plastic zones and displacements around underground openings in rock masses containing a fault. The relationship between the induced plastic zones and maximum displacements varying with these fault parameters was established. Farias [5] analyzed displacement control in tunnels excavated by the NATM. Induced displacement is empirically controlled by adjusting the speed of excavation, distance between tunnel face and support, partial-face excavation, and closure of invert. Goela [6] carried out a parametric study using the numerical analysis code FLAC-3D to obtain the influence of various shapes of underground openings on the maximum induced boundary stress. Five shapes—viz. circular, horseshoe, rectangular, elongated D-shape, and elliptical—have been considered. For each shape, four tunnel depths and five horizontal in-situ stress models have been taken for the study of induced boundary stresses. Golshani [7] developed the micromechanics-based damage model so that time-dependent behavior of brittle material can be taken into account, with special attention to the numerical analysis of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around an opening, which is a major concern in assessing