Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors
Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors
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DOI：
10.1002/aenm.201600458
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
27.8
通讯作者：
Zhonghong Xia;Li An;Pei-Hsuan Chen;D. Xia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhonghong Xia;Li An;Pei-Hsuan Chen;D. Xia
用于氧还原反应（ORR）的铂基电催化剂是几十年来广泛而深入研究的主题。然而，这些铂基电催化剂的稀缺性、高成本和不令人满意的耐久性是其进一步商业化的主要障碍。近年来，非铂电催化剂作为铂基 ORR 催化剂的替代品引起了人们的广泛关注。本综述重点介绍了各种纳米结构非 Pt 催化剂的合成、催化活性和关键因素，即活性位点，这些催化剂可分为五类：单金属催化剂；双金属或多金属催化剂；过渡金属氧化物/硫族化物/氮化物/氮氧化物/碳化物；含有或不含过渡金属的杂原子掺杂碳催化剂和金属有机骨架（MOF）衍生的催化剂最近已成为一类有前途的催化剂。对于金属催化剂，ORR活性和耐久性可以通过利用表面配体和晶格应变等效应来调节；对于杂原子掺杂的碳催化剂，传质和电导率等一些因素对于增强 ORR 活性至关重要。介绍了最新的研究进展并展望了未来的研究。
Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the topic of extensive and intensive research since a few decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of these Pt‐based electrocatalysts, their high cost and unsatisfactory durability are the primary hindrances to their further commercialization. In recent years, non‐Pt electrocatalysts have garnered considerable interest as alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts for the ORR. This review highlights the synthesis, catalytic activity and key factors, namely also active sites, of various nanostructured non‐Pt catalysts that can be grouped into five categories: monometallic catalysts; bimetallic or multimetallic catalysts; transition metal oxides/chalcogenides/nitrides/oxynitrides/carbides; heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts with and without transition metals and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived catalysts that have emerged as a class of promising catalysts recently. For metallic catalysts, the ORR activity and durability can be tuned by capitalizing on such effects as surface ligands and lattice strain; for heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts, some factors like mass transport and electric conductivity are nontrivial for enhancement of the ORR activity. Recent research advances are presented and an outlook for future research is provided.