Natural Infection with Giardia Is Associated with Altered Community Structure of the Human and Canine Gut Microbiome
Natural Infection with Giardia Is Associated with Altered Community Structure of the Human and Canine Gut Microbiome
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DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00670-20
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Beiting, Daniel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berry, Alexander S. F.;Johnson, Kaylynn;Beiting, Daniel P.
肠道寄生虫感染是中低收入国家最常见的感染之一，对全球公共卫生产生深远影响。虽然微生物组越来越多地被认为是肠道健康和人类发育的关键决定因素，但自然获得的寄生虫感染对肠道微生物群落结构的影响，以及寄生虫引起的微生物组变化可能导致胃肠道症状的程度，却知之甚少。肠道寄生虫在美国的伴侣动物中被常规识别，这为利用这种动物模型来研究自然获得的寄生虫感染对微生物组的影响提供了独特的机会。对一组258只狗的临床、寄生虫学和微生物组分析显示，寄生虫感染与肠道细菌群落组成之间存在显著相关性。相对于其他肠道寄生虫，贾第虫与微生物组更明显的扰动有关。为了将我们的研究结果与人类肠道疾病的大规模流行病学研究进行比较，采用数据库挖掘方法来整合临床和微生物组数据。在贾第虫感染的儿童中观察到微生物组结构的实质性和一致性改变。重要的是，感染与潜在致病菌（包括γ-变形菌）的相对丰度减少以及普雷沃菌（Prevotella）的增加有关，普雷沃菌通常与肠道健康有关。综上所述，这些数据表明，在年轻的动物和人类广泛的贾第虫感染与肠道微生物的显着重塑，并提供了一个可能的解释为高患病率的无症状贾第虫感染观察跨宿主species.IMPORTANCE虽然肠道寄生虫感染是最重要的感染在低收入和中等收入国家，其对肠道微生物群的影响知之甚少。我们推断，与这些感染相关的临床症状可能受到感染期间发生的微生物组改变的影响。为了探索这个概念，我们采取了双管齐下的方法。首先，我们研究了一组自然感染各种肠道寄生虫的狗，发现寄生虫感染与肠道微生物群组成改变之间存在密切联系。贾第虫是全球最普遍的寄生虫感染之一，对微生物组的影响特别大。其次，我们采取了一种数据库驱动的策略，将微生物组数据与大型人体实地研究的临床数据相结合，发现贾第虫感染也与儿童肠道微生物组的显著改变有关，这表明了为什么贾第虫被报道与保护中度至重度腹泻有关的可能解释。
Enteric parasitic infections are among the most prevalent infections in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and have a profound impact on global public health. While the microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of gut health and human development, the impact of naturally acquired parasite infections on microbial community structure in the gut, and the extent to which parasite-induced changes in the microbiome may contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms, is poorly understood. Enteric parasites are routinely identified in companion animals in the United States, presenting a unique opportunity to leverage this animal model to investigate the impact of naturally acquired parasite infections on the microbiome. Clinical, parasitological, and microbiome profiling of a cohort of 258 dogs revealed a significant correlation between parasite infection and composition of the bacterial community in the gut. Relative to other enteric parasites, Giardia was associated with a more pronounced perturbation of the microbiome. To compare our findings to large-scale epidemiological studies of enteric diseases in humans, a database mining approach was employed to integrate clinical and microbiome data. Substantial and consistent alterations to microbiome structure were observed in Giardia-infected children. Importantly, infection was associated with a reduction in the relative abundance of potential pathobionts, including Gammaproteobacteria, and an increase in Prevotella-a profile often associated with gut health. Taken together, these data show that widespread Giardia infection in young animals and humans is associated with significant remodeling of the gut microbiome and provide a possible explanation for the high prevalence of asymptomatic Giardia infections observed across host species.IMPORTANCE While enteric parasitic infections are among the most important infections in lower- and middle-income countries, their impact on gut microbiota is poorly understood. We reasoned that clinical symptoms associated with these infections may be influenced by alterations of the microbiome that occur during infection. To explore this notion, we took a two-pronged approach. First, we studied a cohort of dogs naturally infected with various enteric parasites and found a strong association between parasite infection and altered gut microbiota composition. Giardia, one of the most prevalent parasite infections globally, had a particularly large impact on the microbiome. Second, we took a database-driven strategy to integrate microbiome data with clinical data from large human field studies and found that Giardia infection is also associated with marked alteration of the gut microbiome of children, suggesting a possible explanation for why Giardia has been reported to be associated with protection from moderate to severe diarrhea.