Cutaneous receptors contribute to kinesthesia at the index finger, elbow, and knee
Cutaneous receptors contribute to kinesthesia at the index finger, elbow, and knee
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00191.2005
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gandevia, SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, DF;Refshauge, KM;Gandevia, SC
关节位置和运动感背后的神经机制仍然存在争议。虽然已知皮肤感受器有助于手指的运动感觉，但目前的实验验证了它们在其他主要关节起作用的假设。在食指、肘部和膝关节的指间(IP)关节，通过分别和同时刺激皮肤和肌梭受体群体，诱发出幻觉运动。受试者将感知到的运动与对侧同种关节的自愿运动相匹配。皮肤受体被皮肤拉伸(使用2种拉伸强度)和振动激活的肌梭受体激活。刺激被设计来激活在关节屈曲时放电的感受器。对于食指，在手背的伸肌腱上施加振动，以唤起虚幻的掌指关节(MCP)屈曲，并在IP关节周围进行皮肤拉伸。强烈的皮肤拉伸在6/8名受试者中诱发了近端IP关节屈曲的错觉(12+/-5度，平均+/-SE)。对于这组患者，在振动过程中施加强烈的皮肤拉伸，与单独振动相比，IP关节近端感觉到的屈曲度增加了8倍，而MCP关节感觉到的屈曲度降低了(P<；0.05)。对于肘部，振动施加在肱三头肌远端肌腱上，皮肤伸展在前臂背侧。当单独使用时，强烈的皮肤拉伸在5/10的受试者中引起错觉的肘关节屈曲(9+/-4度)。同时强烈的皮肤拉伸和振动使幻觉肘关节屈曲度增加1.5倍(P<；0.05)。对于膝盖，振动施加在膝盖腱上，皮肤拉伸到大腿上。单独的皮肤拉伸在3/10的受试者中引起假想的膝关节屈曲(8+/-4度)，当振动时产生时，该组感觉到的膝关节屈曲比振动时增加1.4倍(P<；0.05)。因此，来自皮肤感受器和肌肉感受器的输入，以及来自这两个感受器的组合输入，可能会削弱全身关节的运动感觉。
The neural mechanisms underlying the sense of joint position and movement remain controversial. While cutaneous receptors are known to contribute to kinesthesia for the fingers, the present experiments test the hypothesis that they contribute at other major joints. Illusory movements were evoked at the interphalangeal (IP) joints of the index finger, the elbow, and the knee by stimulation of populations of cutaneous and muscle spindle receptors, both separately and together. Subjects matched perceived movements with voluntary movements of homologous joints on the contralateral side. Cutaneous receptors were activated by stretch of the skin (using 2 intensities of stretch) and vibration activated muscle spindle receptors. Stimuli were designed to activate receptors that discharge during joint flexion. For the index finger, vibration was applied over the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand, to evoke illusory metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint flexion, and skin stretch was delivered around the IP joints. The strong skin stretch evoked the illusion of flexion of the proximal IP joint in 6/8 subjects (12 +/- 5 degrees, mean +/- SE). For the group, strong skin stretch delivered during vibration increased the perceived flexion of the proximal IP joint by eight times with a concomitant decrease in perceived flexion of the MCP joint compared with vibration alone (P < 0.05). For the elbow, vibration was applied over the distal tendon of triceps brachii and skin stretch over the dorsal forearm. When delivered alone, strong skin stretch evoked illusory elbow flexion in 5/10 subjects (9 +/- 4 degrees). Simultaneous strong skin stretch and vibration increased the illusory elbow flexion for the group by 1.5 times compared with vibration (P < 0.05). For the knee, vibration was applied over the patellar tendon and skin stretch over the thigh. Skin stretch alone evoked illusory knee flexion in 3/10 subjects (8 +/- 4 degrees) and when delivered during vibration, perceived knee flexion increased for the group by 1.4 times compared with vibration (P < 0.05). Hence inputs from cutaneous receptors, muscle receptors, and combined inputs from both receptors likely subserve kinesthesia at joints throughout the body.