China's floating population and their settlement intention in the cities: Beyond the Hukou reform
China's floating population and their settlement intention in the cities: Beyond the Hukou reform
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DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.04.002
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发表时间：
2007-03
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Yu Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu Zhu
中国流动人口是世界上移动的最多的人口之一。其成员大多采取临时移徙的形式，并保持其双重（农村和城市）居住身份。近年来，作为决定流动人口流动性的核心机制--户籍制度的改革力度不断加大，希望流动人口能够在城市落户，充分融入中国的城市化进程。然而，这种改革的效果有限。本文基于一个理论框架和一项调查的实证证据，认为流动人口的临时性不仅是户口制度的结果，也是工业社会对临时移民的内在需求、移民为实现经济机会的多样化和最大化以及分散经济风险的家庭策略、以及当前发展阶段的某些条件。该文件从分析中得出了政策含义，呼吁政策不仅要便利移民在城市永久定居，而且要满足他们因临时移民形式而产生的需求，以及他们在家乡发展中的潜在作用。
China's floating population is one of the most mobile populations in the world. Most of its members take the temporary form of migration, and maintain their double (rural and urban) residential status. In recent years, great efforts have been made to reform the household registration (Hukou) system, which has been regarded as the central mechanism underlying the unsettled nature of the floating population, in the hope that they will settle down in the cities and be fully integrated into China's urbanization process. However, the effect of such reform has been limited. Based on a theoretical framework and empirical evidence from a survey, this paper argues that the temporary nature of the floating population is a result of not only the Hukou system, but also the combined effects of the intrinsic demand of the industrial society for temporary migrants, the household strategy of migrants to diversify and maximize economic opportunities and spread economic risk, and certain conditions of the current stage of development. The paper draws policy implications from the analysis, calling for policies not only to facilitate permanent settlement of migrants in the cities but also catering for their needs arising from the temporary form of migration, and their potential roles in the development of their hometowns.