First Report of Powdery Mildew of Tomato Caused by an Erysiphe sp. in Connecticut.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Tomato Caused by an Erysiphe sp. in Connecticut.
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由白粉菌引起的番茄白粉病的首次报告。
DOI：
10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.229a
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. LaMondia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. L. Smith;S. M. Douglas;J. LaMondia
在1995年和1996年，在田间生长的番茄叶（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.;各种品种）提交给CAES植物病害和信息办公室。症状包括灰色的表面菌丝体，在近轴和远轴叶表面上具有丰富的孢子形成，随后在田间表现为叶子干燥和快速落叶。没有观察到闭囊藻，单细胞，透明，椭圆形分生孢子发生，通常是单一的，不分枝的分生孢子梗。梨形分生孢子的出现频率低于1%。分生孢子长25.6 ~ 43.2 μm（平均值33.6，SE = 0.4），宽13.1 ~ 23.1 μm（平均值18.2，SE = 0.2; n = 500）。未观察到纤维蛋白小体，存在空泡。根据分生孢子特征，该真菌被鉴定为未知的白粉菌属。Rutgers）通过将干燥分生孢子振摇到叶子上接种，并放置在温室工作台上的塑料帐篷内。对照植物进行相同的处理，但不接种。接种的植株出现叶面白粉病症状，并观察到孢子形成。自然感染的易感品种包括Better Boy、Better Beef、Celebrity、Rutgers、Ultra Magnum、Ultra Sweet、Whopper、Yellow Brandywine;樱桃型番茄Matts Wild Cherry和Sweet Chelsea;以及李子型番茄Roma和Super San Marzano。东方黑龙葵（Solanum ptyphalum Dunal）、茄子（S. melongena L. 'Black Pride'）和烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.“C9”）也在温室条件下自然感染。然而，分生孢子的大小和每分生孢子梗的分生孢子的数量在宿主之间不同。烟草、茄子和茄属植物的分生孢子平均为37.8 × 19.1 μm（SE分别为0.5和0.2），95% CI为35.5 - 40.0 × 18.1 - 20.3 μm（n = 300）。番茄的分生孢子较小，平均为33.6 × 18.2 μm（SE分别为0.3和0.2），95%CI为32.7至34.4 × 17.5至18.9 μm（n = 300）。番茄和其他寄主之间的因子接种实验表明，交叉感染，但最初从烟草分离物有显着更大的分生孢子时，感染番茄比最初从番茄感染烟草。番茄上的白粉病菌株具有较少的（P = 0.001）分生孢子每个分生孢子梗（平均值= 1.39，范围= 1至4）比感染烟草的菌株在同一时间接种，并在相同的条件下（平均值= 2.54，范围= 1至6）。这些结果表明，在白粉病真菌相当大的形态变化，可能与宿主，如番茄或其他茄科植物。这是康涅狄格州番茄和烟草白粉病的首次报道。据报道，番茄白粉病发生在加州的田间和纽约的温室番茄中（2）。烟草白粉病仅在加州的人工接种植物上有报道（1）。参考文献：（1）C. R. Arredondo等人，Plant Dis.80：1303，1996. (2)D. M. Karasevicz和T. A. Zitter。Plant Dis.80：709，1996.
In 1995 and 1996, powdery mildew was observed on several samples of field-grown tomato foliage (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; various cultivars) submitted to the CAES Plant Disease and Information Office. Symptoms included gray superficial mycelium with abundant sporulation on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, followed in the field by dessication of the foliage and rapid defoliation. No cleistothecia were observed, and single-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal conidia occurred, usually singly, on unbranched conidiophores. Pyriform conidia occurred at a frequency of less than 1%. Conidia ranged in length from 25.6 to 43.2 μm (mean = 33.6, SE = 0.4) and in width from 13.1 to 23.1 μm (mean = 18.2, SE = 0.2; n = 500). Fibrosin bodies were not observed, and vacuoles were present. Based on conidial characteristics, the fungus was identified as an unknown Erysiphe sp. To confirm pathogenicity, 2-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Rutgers) were inoculated by shaking dry conidia onto the leaves and placed within plastic tents on a greenhouse bench. Control plants were treated identically but not inoculated. The inoculated plants developed foliar powdery mildew symptoms, and sporulation was observed. Susceptible cultivars that were naturally infected included Better Boy, Better Beef, Celebrity, Rutgers, Ultra Magnum, Ultra Sweet, Whopper, Yellow Brandywine; cherry type tomatoes Matts Wild Cherry and Sweet Chelsea; and plum type tomatoes Roma and Super San Marzano. Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dunal), eggplant (S. melongena L. 'Black Pride'), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. 'C9') were also naturally infected under greenhouse conditions. However, conidia size and number of conidia per conidiophore differed between hosts. Conidia from tobacco, eggplant, and nightshade averaged 37.8 × 19.1 μm (SE = 0.5 and 0.2, respectively) with a 95% CI of 35.5 to 40.0 × 18.1 to 20.3 μm (n = 300). Conidia from tomato were smaller, averaging 33.6 × 18.2 μm (SE = 0.3 and 0.2, respectively) with a 95% CI of 32.7 to 34.4 × 17.5 to 18.9 μm (n = 300). Factorial inoculation experiments between tomato and other hosts demonstrated cross-infectivity, but isolates originally from tobacco had significantly larger conidia when infecting tomato than isolates originally from tomato infecting tobacco. Powdery mildew isolates on tomato had fewer (P = 0.001) conidia per conidiophore (mean = 1.39, range = 1 to 4) than isolates infecting tobacco inoculated at the same time and held under the same conditions (mean = 2.54, range = 1 to 6). These results demonstrate considerable morphological variation in the powdery mildew fungus, perhaps associated with hosts such as tomato or other solanaceous plants. This is the first report of powdery mildew of tomato and tobacco in Connecticut. Powdery mildew of tomato has been reported to occur in the field in California, and in greenhouse tomatoes in New York (2). Powdery mildew of tobacco has only been reported on artificially inoculated plants in California (1). References: (1) C. R. Arredondo et al. Plant Dis. 80:1303, 1996. (2) D. M. Karasevicz and T. A. Zitter. Plant Dis. 80:709, 1996.