On Driver Anticipation, Two-Regime Flow, Fundamental Diagrams, and Kinematic-Wave Theory
On Driver Anticipation, Two-Regime Flow, Fundamental Diagrams, and Kinematic-Wave Theory
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关于驾驶员预期、两种状态流程、基本图和运动波理论
DOI：
10.1287/trsc.1060.0149
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Nelson
元胞自动机（CA）模型CA-184 a被引入作为一个简化的交通模型，其中包括一个基本的表示驾驶员的预期。瓶颈上游密度流数据的单回路和双回路采集的模拟显示出与车辆交通中通常观察到的密度流数据相当相似（即，包括倒λ形状的双态流动），或者明确定义但明显不切实际的密度-流动关系（基本图，FD），这敏感地取决于如何获取数据的细节。在一个封闭的循环模拟导致静态平衡，提供了一个明确定义的FD是不是明显不切实际。运动波模型（KWM），采用这种闭环固定平衡FD，提供的结果，同意可以说，以及一些警告，与时间序列数据（瓶颈的上游），产生了两个制度的倒λ FD。密度流数据对数据采集细节的敏感性的来源是在排队流中观察到的速度和相对于瓶颈的位置之间的强相关性。这种相关性，沿着与需求波动接近饱和，占偏离运动波预测的模拟循环为基础的密度流观测上游的瓶颈。
The Cellular Automata (CA) Model CA-184a is introduced as a simplified traffic model that incorporates a rudimentary representation of driver anticipation. Simulations of single-loop and dual-loop acquisition of density-flow data upstream of a bottleneck are shown to display either a considerable similarity to density-flow data commonly so observed in vehicular traffic (i.e., two-regime flow, including an inverted-lambda shape), or a well-defined but clearly unrealistic density-flow relationship (fundamental diagram, FD), depending sensitively on the details of how the data are acquired. Simulation on a closed loop leads to stationary equilibria that provide a well-defined FD that is not manifestly unrealistic. The kinematic-wave model (KWM), employed with this closed-loop stationary equilibrium FD, provides results that agree arguably well, with some caveats, with the time-series data (upstream of the bottleneck) that generated the two-regime inverted-lambda FD. The source of the sensitivity of density-flow data to details of data acquisition is a strong correlation, in enqueued flow, between observed speeds and position relative to the bottleneck. This correlation, along with demand fluctuations near saturation, accounts for the departure from kinematic-wave predictions of simulated loop-based density-flow observations upstream of a bottleneck.