Convergence and divergence in the evolution of cat skulls: temporal and spatial patterns of morphological diversity.
Convergence and divergence in the evolution of cat skulls: temporal and spatial patterns of morphological diversity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0039752
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ruta M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakamoto M;Ruta M
生物形状进化的研究大大加强时，在系统发育的角度来看。化石的纳入扩大了宏观进化研究的范围，提供了一个关于辐射克里思和模式的深时间视角，并阐明了生命特征的变化。我们通过线性变量的形态测量分析、系统发育比较方法和剑齿虎的新分支研究，探讨猫科动物（猫）头骨形状的进化。一个新的系统发育分析支持单系的剑齿猫（Machairodontinae）的猫亚科和一些基础的猫科动物，但不支持单系的各个剑齿部落和属。我们量化了34个现存物种和18个灭绝物种的头骨形状变化，使用大小调整的线性变量。这些区分分类组成员具有很高的精度。形态空间占据的模式与以前的分析是一致的，例如，在显示大小梯度沿着主轴的形状变化和大型和小型中型猫之间的分离。通过将新的胚胎发育与现存猫科动物的分子树相结合，我们建立了一个时间形态空间（通过时间叠加到二维形态空间上的胚胎发育）。猫科动物的进化史以两个主要的形态分化为特征，一个标志着剑齿虎和现代猫科动物的分离，另一个标志着大型和中小型猫科动物的分离。在“黑豹”谱系中，大型猫科动物的祖先往往会在更晚的阶段占据以前由剑齿虎占据的形态空间区域。后者辐射到新的形态空间区域外围的现存大型猫科动物。在猫科动物进化的早期，大型和小型中型猫科动物之间的分离以相当大的形态学分歧轨迹为标志。一个chronophylomorphospace有更广泛的应用在重建跨二维特征空间的时间过渡，可用于生态表型和功能多样性的研究，并可能揭示新的形态空间占领模式。
Studies of biological shape evolution are greatly enhanced when framed in a phylogenetic perspective. Inclusion of fossils amplifies the scope of macroevolutionary research, offers a deep-time perspective on tempo and mode of radiations, and elucidates life-trait changes. We explore the evolution of skull shape in felids (cats) through morphometric analyses of linear variables, phylogenetic comparative methods, and a new cladistic study of saber-toothed cats. A new phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of saber-toothed cats (Machairodontinae) exclusive of Felinae and some basal felids, but does not support the monophyly of various saber-toothed tribes and genera. We quantified skull shape variation in 34 extant and 18 extinct species using size-adjusted linear variables. These distinguish taxonomic group membership with high accuracy. Patterns of morphospace occupation are consistent with previous analyses, for example, in showing a size gradient along the primary axis of shape variation and a separation between large and small-medium cats. By combining the new phylogeny with a molecular tree of extant Felinae, we built a chronophylomorphospace (a phylogeny superimposed onto a two-dimensional morphospace through time). The evolutionary history of cats was characterized by two major episodes of morphological divergence, one marking the separation between saber-toothed and modern cats, the other marking the split between large and small-medium cats. Ancestors of large cats in the ‘Panthera’ lineage tend to occupy, at a much later stage, morphospace regions previously occupied by saber-toothed cats. The latter radiated out into new morphospace regions peripheral to those of extant large cats. The separation between large and small-medium cats was marked by considerable morphologically divergent trajectories early in feline evolution. A chronophylomorphospace has wider applications in reconstructing temporal transitions across two-dimensional trait spaces, can be used in ecophenotypical and functional diversity studies, and may reveal novel patterns of morphospace occupation.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Kembel, Steven W.;Cowan, Peter D.;Webb, Campbell O.
通讯作者：
Webb, Campbell O.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Diniz, JAF;De Sant'ana, CER;Bini, LM
通讯作者：
Bini, LM
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Burger, J;Rosendahl, W;Alt, KW
通讯作者：
Alt, KW
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01169.x
发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Meachen-Samuels, Julie;Van Valkenburgh, Blaire
通讯作者：
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Johnson, WE;Eizirik, E;O'Brien, SJ
通讯作者：
O'Brien, SJ