Hairiness and warning colours as components of antipredator defence:: additive or interactive benefits?
Hairiness and warning colours as components of antipredator defence:: additive or interactive benefits?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.10.024
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Mappes, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindstedt, C.;Lindstrom, L.;Mappes, J.
为了阻止捕食者的攻击，无血缘关系的猎物物种用一个或多个明显的警告信号来宣传它们的无利可图，这反过来又增强了捕食者的回避学习。我们研究了植物寄生虫蛾多组分信号传递的成本和收益。毛茸茸的蛾幼虫的身体上有一块橙色的斑点，否则就是黑色的。该斑块在表型和遗传大小上各不相同。我们研究了在两种不同捕食者的两种背景(绿色或棕色)下，与斑块大小相关的检测风险是否存在差异：幼稚的雏鸟，家禽，以及经历过大山雀的大山雀。我们还通过测试毛发和橙色斑块的存在或大小这两个特征的组合，评估了多分量信号中不同防御特征的信号值，这两个特征的组合对捕食者的回避学习速度影响最大。有大片橙色斑块的幼虫被这两种背景下的鸟类发现的风险更大。这种较高的检测风险与更高的回避学习率进行了权衡。橙色斑块对捕食者的信号值比毛发高，这只略微增加了全黑或小斑块幼虫的存活率，但不影响大橙色斑块幼虫的防御。因此，多组分防御不一定是相加的，非同源动物警告颜色的变化可以部分解释为警告信号的不同成分对不同捕食者的相对益处的不同。(C)2007年，动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
To deter predator attack, aposematic prey species advertise their unprofitability with one or more conspicuous warning signals that, in turn, enhance the avoidance learning of predators. We studied the costs and benefits of multicomponent signalling in Parasemia plantaginis moths. The hairy moth larvae have an orange patch on their otherwise black bodies. The patch varies phenotypically and genetically in size. We studied whether the detection risk associated with patch size varied against two backgrounds (green or brown) with two different predators: naive chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, and experienced great tits, Parus major. We also evaluated the signal value of different defence traits within a multicomponent signal by testing which combination of two traits, hairiness and the presence or size of the orange patch, most affected the avoidance learning rate of predators. Larvae with a large orange patch were at greater risk of detection by birds against both backgrounds. This higher detection risk was traded-off with enhanced avoidance learning rate. The orange patch had a higher signal value for the predators than did hairiness, which only slightly increased the survival of totally black or small-patched larvae but did not affect the defence of larvae with a large orange patch. Multicomponent defences are therefore not necessarily additive and variation in the warning coloration of aposematic animals may be partly explained by variation in the relative benefits of different components of a warning signal to different predators. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.