PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RAW VEGETABLES AND FRUIT AGAINST LUNG-CANCER AMONG SMOKERS AND EX-SMOKERS - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN THE TOKAI AREA OF JAPAN
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RAW VEGETABLES AND FRUIT AGAINST LUNG-CANCER AMONG SMOKERS AND EX-SMOKERS - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN THE TOKAI AREA OF JAPAN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02018.x
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
INOUE, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GAO, CM;TAJIMA, K;INOUE, M
在一项以医院为基础的病例对照研究中，对 282 例病例和相同数量的对照组进行了研究，研究了水果、生蔬菜和绿色蔬菜对男性吸烟者肺癌风险的保护作用。当前吸烟者患肺癌的风险增加了 6.61 倍。优势比（OR）随着吸烟习惯开始年龄的增加而显着下降，并随着每天吸烟数量的增加而显着增加。戒烟者患肺癌的风险增加了 3.56 倍。戒烟后随着时间的推移，OR 逐渐下降。单因素分析发现，水果、生蔬菜、绿色蔬菜、生菜和卷心菜对肺癌有显着的保护作用。随着水果、生食和绿色蔬菜摄入频率的增加，所有肺癌的风险分别下降至 0.45（95% CI 0.30-0.67）、0.64（95% CI 0.43-0.97）和 0.44（95% CI 0.26-0.73）。随着当前吸烟男性水果和生蔬菜摄入频率的增加，肺癌的 OR 降低至 0.41 (95%CI 0.24-0.72) 和 0.56 (95%CI 0.32-0.99)。生菜和卷心菜显示出对肺癌的保护作用，在高摄入频率组中，肺癌风险的OR降低至二分之一。随着生菜和卷心菜摄入量的增加，当前吸烟者患肺癌的风险显着下降。在戒烟者和非吸烟者中观察到类似的效果，但没有统计学意义。在多变量分析中，当前吸烟者中水果和生蔬菜对肺癌的保护作用最强（P=0.01）。在戒烟者中，水果的保护作用也具有统计学意义（P=0.03）。这些结果表明水果和生蔬菜可能在保护吸烟者免受肺癌方面发挥重要作用。
In a hospital-based case control study, the protecting effects of fruit, raw and green vegetables against lung cancer risk among male smokers were studied in 282 cases and the same number of controls. The current smokers showed a 6.61-fold increased risk of lung cancer. The odds ratio (OR) declined markedly with starting age of smoking habit and increased markedly with number of cigarettes smoked per day. The ex-smokers showed a 3.56-fold increased risk of lung cancer. The ORs gradually decreased with years passed since cessation of smoking. In the single factor analysis, significant protective effects of fruit, raw vegetables, green vegetables, lettuce and cabbage against lung cancer were found. The risk for all lung cancer decreased to 0.45 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.30-0.67), 0.64 (95%CI 0.43-0.97) and 0.44 (95%CI 0.26-0.73) with increment of intake frequency of fruit, raw and green vegetables respectively. The OR for lung cancer decreased to 0.41 (95%CI 0.24-0.72) and 0.56 (95%CI 0.32-0.99) with increasing intake frequency of fruit and raw vegetables among current smoking males. Lettuce and cabbage showed protective effects against lung cancer, and the OR for risk of lung cancer decreased to one-half among the high intake frequency group. The risk of lung cancer among current smokers declined markedly with increasing intake of lettuce and cabbage. A similar effect was observed among ex-smokers and non-smokers, but there was no statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, fruit and raw vegetables showed the strongest protective effects against lung cancer among current smokers (P=0.01). Among ex-smokers, the protective effect of fruit is also statistically significant (P=0.03). These results suggest that fruit and raw vegetables may play an important role in protecting smokers from lung cancer.