Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption.
Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption.
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DOI：
10.2147/nss.s134864
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hemels ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Medic G;Wille M;Hemels ME
睡眠在许多身体系统的大脑功能和全身生理学中起着至关重要的作用。睡眠问题普遍存在，包括睡眠数量和质量的不足;影响睡眠连续性的睡眠问题统称为睡眠中断。许多因素导致睡眠中断，从生活方式和环境因素到睡眠障碍和其他医疗条件。睡眠中断会对短期和长期的健康造成严重的不良影响。进行了文献检索，以提供这些健康后果的非系统性综述（由于受睡眠影响的无数参数，该综述设计为非系统性，以更好地关注感兴趣的主题）。睡眠中断与交感神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活动增加、代谢效应、昼夜节律变化和促炎反应有关。在其他健康的成年人中，睡眠中断的短期后果包括压力反应性增加，躯体疼痛，生活质量降低，情绪困扰和情绪障碍，以及认知，记忆和表现缺陷。对于青少年来说，心理健康，学校表现和冒险行为都受到睡眠中断的影响。行为问题和认知功能与儿童睡眠中断有关。睡眠中断在其他健康个体中的长期后果包括高血压、血脂异常、心血管疾病、体重相关问题、代谢综合征、2型糖尿病和结直肠癌。睡眠障碍男性的全因死亡率也有所增加。对于那些有基础疾病的人来说，睡眠中断可能会降低儿童和青少年与健康相关的生活质量，并可能使常见胃肠道疾病的严重程度恶化。由于睡眠中断的潜在后果，医疗保健专业人员应该认识到如何管理潜在的医疗条件可能有助于优化睡眠的连续性，并考虑处方干预措施，最大限度地减少睡眠中断。
Sleep plays a vital role in brain function and systemic physiology across many body systems. Problems with sleep are widely prevalent and include deficits in quantity and quality of sleep; sleep problems that impact the continuity of sleep are collectively referred to as sleep disruptions. Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption, ranging from lifestyle and environmental factors to sleep disorders and other medical conditions. Sleep disruptions have substantial adverse short- and long-term health consequences. A literature search was conducted to provide a nonsystematic review of these health consequences (this review was designed to be nonsystematic to better focus on the topics of interest due to the myriad parameters affected by sleep). Sleep disruption is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, metabolic effects, changes in circadian rhythms, and proinflammatory responses. In otherwise healthy adults, short-term consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity, somatic pain, reduced quality of life, emotional distress and mood disorders, and cognitive, memory, and performance deficits. For adolescents, psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors are impacted by sleep disruption. Behavioral problems and cognitive functioning are associated with sleep disruption in children. Long-term consequences of sleep disruption in otherwise healthy individuals include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer. All-cause mortality is also increased in men with sleep disturbances. For those with underlying medical conditions, sleep disruption may diminish the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents and may worsen the severity of common gastrointestinal disorders. As a result of the potential consequences of sleep disruption, health care professionals should be cognizant of how managing underlying medical conditions may help to optimize sleep continuity and consider prescribing interventions that minimize sleep disruption.