The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the US commercial buildings sector
The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the US commercial buildings sector
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电致变色窗在美国商业建筑领域的节能潜力
DOI：
10.2172/891618
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Selkowitz
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文献类型：
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作者：
Eleanor S. Lee;Mehry Yazdanian;S. Selkowitz
2004年4月30日竣工。劳伦斯- 54966。E.S. Lee *， M. Yazdanian， S.E. Selkowitz建筑技术项目，环境能源技术部，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室，邮站90-3111，回旋路1号，伯克利，CA 94720，美国摘要可切换电致变色（EC）窗户预计将显著减少全国建筑的能源使用。这项研究量化了电致变色窗对美国商业建筑部门一次能源使用的潜在影响，并提供了比以前LBNL模拟研究更广泛的周边区域能源使用和峰值需求节约数据库。DOE-2.1E建筑模拟程序用于预测位于美国五个气候带和加州16个气候带的三层原型商业办公大楼的年能耗。将电致变色窗的能源性能与传统和最佳商用窗以及ASHRAE 90.1-1999和加州Title 24-2005规定标准所定义的窗进行比较，以将日光照度控制在规定的设置水平。周边区域的能源使用和峰值需求节约数据通过朝向、窗户大小和气候给出了带有内部遮阳、附加遮阳和地平线障碍物的窗户（以模拟城市环境）。在大多数气候条件下，如果商业建筑的窗墙面积比大于0.60，那么与具有采光控制且没有内部或外部遮阳的光谱选择性低e窗相比，东侧、南侧和西侧区域的一次能源使用减少了10-20%。同样条件下的高峰需求减少了20-30%。如果在2030年达到40%的市场渗透率，新兴的带有采光控制的电致变色窗预计将在2030年节省约91.5-97.3 1012 Btu，相比之下，具有手动控制内部遮阳且没有采光控制的光谱选择性低E窗。关键词：建筑节能，电致变色窗，采光控制，一次能源利用，峰值需求。1. 2002年，美国能源部（DOE）与窗户行业的成员一起制定了一个路线图，帮助定义了21世纪制造和销售下一代窗户所需的技术和工具。窗口行业的高管们认为，新一代动态、响应迅速的“智能窗口”是当务之急。智能窗户包括变色玻璃，可以通过一个小的施加电压从透明可逆地切换到透明，彩色状态，从而产生可以动态控制的热学和光学特性。采用电致变色玻璃的“智能窗户”可以显着降低许多商业建筑的峰值电力负荷，并在整个美国提供额外的采光效益，同时还可以改善环境。电话:+ 1-510-486-4997;传真:+ 1-510-486-4089。电子邮件：eslee@lbl.gov （E.S.Lee）。
Completed April 30, 2004. LBNL-54966. The Energy-Savings Potential of Electrochromic Windows in the US Commercial Buildings Sector E.S. Lee * , M. Yazdanian, S.E. Selkowitz Building Technologies Program, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mailstop 90-3111, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Abstract Switchable electrochromic (EC) windows have been projected to significantly reduce the energy use of buildings nationwide. This study quantifies the potential impact of electrochromic windows on US primary energy use in the commercial building sector and also provides a broader database of energy use and peak demand savings for perimeter zones than that given in previous LBNL simulation studies. The DOE-2.1E building simulation program was used to predict the annual energy use of a three-storey prototypical commercial office building located in five US climates and 16 California climate zones. The energy performance of an electrochromic window controlled to maintain daylight illuminance at a prescribed setpoint level is compared to conventional and the best available commercial windows as well as windows defined by the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 and California Title 24-2005 Prescriptive Standards. Perimeter zone energy use and peak demand savings data by orientation, window size, and climate are given for windows with interior shading, attached shading, and horizon obstructions (to simulate an urban environment). Perimeter zone primary energy use is reduced by 10-20% in east, south, and west zones in most climates if the commercial building has a large window-to-wall area ratio of 0.60 compared to a spectrally selective low-e window with daylighting controls and no interior or exterior shading. Peak demand for the same condition is reduced by 20-30%. The emerging electrochromic window with daylighting controls is projected to save approximately 91.5-97.3 10 12 Btu in the year 2030 compared to a spectrally selective low- E window with manually-controlled interior shades and no daylighting controls if it reaches a 40% market penetration level in that year. Keywords: Building energy-efficiency, electrochromic windows, daylighting controls, primary energy use, peak demand. 1. Introduction In 2002, the US Department of Energy (DOE) worked with members of the window industry to create a roadmap that helped define the technologies and tools that will be needed to create and sell the next generation of windows in the 21 st century [1]. Window industry executives identified a new generation of dynamic, responsive “Smart Windows” as the number one top priority. Smart windows include chromogenic glazings that can be reversibly switched from a clear to a transparent, colored state by means of a small applied voltage, resulting in thermal and optical properties that can be dynamically controlled. “Smart windows” incorporating electrochromic glazings could reduce peak electric loads significantly in many commercial buildings and provide added daylighting benefits throughout the US, as well as improve Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-510-486-4997; fax: +1-510-486-4089. Email address: eslee@lbl.gov (E.S.Lee).