IF ONLY I WERENT VERSUS IF ONLY I HADNT - DISTINGUISHING SHAME AND GUILT IN COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING
IF ONLY I WERENT VERSUS IF ONLY I HADNT - DISTINGUISHING SHAME AND GUILT IN COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.585
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
GAVANSKI, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NIEDENTHAL, PM;TANGNEY, JP;GAVANSKI, I
反事实思维在羞耻和内疚两种情绪中的作用被研究。 在一个系列的研究中，学生阅读有关的情况唤起的羞耻和内疚或描述的个人经验的内疚或羞耻。 然后，他们产生了反事实的替代方案，以“撤销”令人沮丧的结果。 与Tangney（1991）的预测一致，Ss倾向于通过改变自我的品质来消除羞耻感，并通过改变行为来消除内疚感。 在第二个系列的研究中，学生想象自己处于一种可能引起内疚或羞耻的情境中。 然后，受试者被引导改变自我或行为来撤销这种情况。 突变操作放大了羞耻感和内疚感，因此前SS预期感觉更大的羞耻感，而后者预期感觉更大的内疚感。 反事实思维的作用，在特定的情绪和区分羞耻和内疚倾向的个性进行了讨论。
The role of counterfactual thinking in 2 emotions-shame and guilt-was examined. In 1 series of studies, Ss read about situations evocative of shame and guilt or described personal experiences of guilt or shame. They then generated counterfactual alternatives to ''undo'' the distressing outcomes. Consistent with predictions derived from Tangney (1991), Ss tended to undo shame situations by altering qualities of the self and to undo guilt situations by altering actions. In a 2nd series of studies, Ss imagined themselves in a situation that could evoke either guilt or shame. Ss were then led to mutate the self or behavior to undo the situation. Mutation manipulations amplified shame and guilt such that the former Ss anticipated feeling greater shame, whereas the latter anticipated feeling greater guilt. The role of counterfactual thinking in specific emotions and in differentiating shame- and guilt-prone personalities is discussed.