Geospatial Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Urban Expansion Using Multi-Spatial Resolution Data: A Case Study of Surabaya, Indonesia
Geospatial Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Urban Expansion Using Multi-Spatial Resolution Data: A Case Study of Surabaya, Indonesia
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DOI：
10.3390/rs10101599
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. H. Handayani-H.;Y. Murayama;M. Ranagalage;Fei Liu;D. Dissanayake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. H. Handayani-H.;Y. Murayama;M. Ranagalage;Fei Liu;D. Dissanayake
城市化解决了城市扩张问题，并导致绿色空间转变为建成区。然而，之前的研究主要集中在二维（2D）城市扩张而不是三维（3D）增长。本研究的目的是利用包括遥感 (RS) 和地理信息系统 (GIS) 在内的地理空间分析，研究印度尼西亚泗水副中央商务区 (CBD) 地区的城市扩张，包括水平和垂直维度的建成区和绿地。先进陆地观测卫星（ALOS）获取的图像和数字表面模型（DSM）的中分辨率遥感数据应用于时间1（2010年）。 time-2（2016）使用了 LiDAR 得出的正射影像和 DSM。我们量化了二维（面积）的建成区和绿色扩张，这些扩张是通过应用混合分类从土地利用/土地覆盖（LU/LC）中提取的。通过生成表面特征模型来估计 3D（体积）中的建成和绿色扩展。使用斑块度量研究面积膨胀的空间配置，而使用体积膨胀率检查体积增长。我们得到了三个发现。 （1）2010年至2016年，建成区面积和绿地面积分别扩大约11.54%和95.61%。其中绿地面积扩大比例较大，主要是由裸地改建为游乐场或公园所致。但建成区扩张幅度小于容积率20.6%的扩张幅度。它揭示了累积增长导致了纵向而非横向发展。 (2)建成区扩张呈分散配置，绿地扩张呈线状聚集。 （3）建成区扩张与绿地规模扩张之比平均值为3.7，表明建成区与绿化区发展不平衡。建成增长高于绿色增长，主要集中在垂直建筑较多的地区。研究发现，位于周围主干道和收费公路的几个地点迫切需要增加绿化量。总体而言，我们的方法可以作为通过绿化计划监测社区环境以实现可持续城市发展的参考。
Urbanization addresses urban expansion, and it leads conversion of the green space into the built-up area. However, previous studies mainly focused on two-dimensional (2D) urban expansion rather than three-dimensional (3D) growth. Here, the purpose of this study is to examine the urban expansion, including built-up and green space for both horizontal and vertical dimensions using geospatial analysis including remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the sub-Central Business District (CBD) area of Surabaya, Indonesia. The medium resolution remote sensing data for both image and Digital Surface Model (DSM) acquired by Advanced Land-Observing Satellite (ALOS) were applied for time-1 (2010). The orthophoto and DSM derived by LiDAR were used for time-2 (2016). We quantified the built-up and green expansions in 2D (area), which were extracted from land use/land cover (LU/LC) by applying hybrid classification. The built-up and green expansions in 3D (volume) were estimated by generating a surface feature model. The spatial configuration of area expansion was investigated using patch metric, while the volume growth was examined using the volume expansion rate. We got three findings. (1) The built-up and green area had expanded about 11.54% and 95.61%, respectively, from 2010 to 2016. The expansion of green area presented in a notable portion, which was mainly contributed by the conversion of bareland to playground or park. However, the expansion of built-up area was less than the volume expansion of 20.6%. It revealed that built-up growth led to vertical rather than horizontal development. (2) The built-up area expansion tended to scatter configuration, whereas, the green area expansion tended to aggregate in a linear pattern. (3) The ratio of built-up volume expansion to green volume expansion showed a mean of 3.7, indicating that the development of built-up and green volume was imbalanced. The built-up growth presented higher than the green growth, mainly in the areas with more vertical building establishment. The pressing need for higher green volume in the study area was identified in several sites located at surrounding artery and toll roads. Overall, our approach can be applied as a reference in monitoring neighborhood environment through greening programs for sustainable urban development.