PRENATAL REMOVAL OF FRONTAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX IN FETAL RHESUS-MONKEY - ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES IN POSTNATAL LIFE
PRENATAL REMOVAL OF FRONTAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX IN FETAL RHESUS-MONKEY - ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES IN POSTNATAL LIFE
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-8993(78)91103-4
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
GALKIN, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOLDMAN, PS;GALKIN, TW
解剖和行为后果进行了检查后，双侧或单侧切除的假定背外侧前额叶皮质在4恒河猴胎儿在E102（胚胎第102天），E104，E106和E119，随后更换子宫内和交付在以后的发展阶段。未手术的猴子适当的产前和产后年龄作为控制的某些功能的形态和构造。在选定的出生后年龄给予可比的单侧或双侧病变的猴子被用作产前切除术的行为影响和神经病理学检查的对照。行为评估提供了证据，在产前额叶皮质切除术后的功能异常保存。在其出生后发育的整个过程中，一只在E106时作为胎儿接受双侧切除术的猴子在选择背外侧前额叶皮质功能的任务上表现得出奇地好，并且明显具有相同或更年长的未手术猴子的能力;它没有表现出在幼年或成年时切除相当或甚至更小的动物的特征性缺陷。在E106前单侧或双侧切除后，异位沟回出现在每个半球额叶的完整区域，以及距离病变相当远的位置，如颞叶和枕叶。这些异常脑回中的皮质的细胞结构特征是它们出现的区域中相邻皮质的典型特征。对丘脑背内侧核的小细胞亚群的检查产生了一个新的发现，即在出生后的猴子中，在E106或之前进行单侧或双侧损伤后，背外侧前额叶皮质的基本投射的主要来源含有几乎正常数量的神经元，并且在E119手术后仅表现出部分神经元损失。同样的细胞在出生后时期的类似切除后有规律地退化。这些神经元在产前手术的猴子中的存活是前所未有的，可以用几种假设来解释，包括它们的轴突在没有正常靶点的情况下改道到其他结构的可能性。消融非人灵长类动物额叶皮质的一个外切区域，持续2个月。在出生前，可能会使以后由该区域提供服务的功能不受影响。这种早期手术干预的结果显着改变皮质的总体形态特征，并显然诱导功能代偿性重组丘脑皮质连接。类似的原理可以解释人类大脑早期受损后功能的保留。
Anatomical and behavioral consequences were examined following bilateral or unilateral resections of the presumptive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 4 rhesus monkey fetuses at E102 (102nd embryonic day), E104, E106 and E119, with subsequent replacement in utero and delivery at later stages of development. Unoperated monkeys of appropriate pre- and postnatal ages served as controls for certain features of morphogenesis and tectogenesis. Monkeys given comparable unilateral or bilateral lesions at selected postnatal ages were used as controls for behavioral effects of prenatal resection and for neuropathological examination. The behavioral evaluation provided evidence for extraordinary preservation of function after frontal cortical resection in the prenatal period. During the entire course of its postnatal development, a monkey that sustained bilateral resection as a fetus at E106 performed surprisingly well and clearly with the competence of unoperated monkeys of identical or older ages on tasks selective for dorsolateral prefrontal cortical function; it did not exhibit deficits characteristic of animals that have comparable or even smaller resections as juveniles or adults. Following unilateral or bilateral resection prior to E106, ectopic sulci and gyri appeared in intact regions of the frontal lobe of each hemisphere, as well as in locations at a considerable distance from the lesions, such as the temporal and occipital lobes. Cytoarchitectonic characteristics of the cortex in these anomalous gyri were typical of adjacent cortex in the regions in which they appeared. Examination of the parvocellular subdivision of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus yielded the novel finding that this principal source of essential projections to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contained a virtually normal number of neurons in postnatal monkeys, following unilateral or bilateral lesions performed at or before E106, and exhibited only a partial loss of neurons after surgery at E119. The same cells regularly degenerate following comparable resections in the postnatal period. Survival of these neurons in prenatally operated monkeys is unprecedented and can be explained by several hypotheses, including the possibility that their axons become rerouted to other structures in the absence of their normal targets. Ablation of a circumscript area of the frontal cortex in a non-human primate a full 2 mo. before birth may leave the functions later to be subserved by that area unaffected. Such early surgical intervention results in significant alteration in the gross morphological characteristics of the cortex and apparently induces a functionally compensatory reorganization of thalamocortical connections. Similar principles may account for sparing of function following early damage to the human brain.