Fear of losing money? Aversive conditioning with secondary reinforcers
Fear of losing money? Aversive conditioning with secondary reinforcers
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsl025
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Phelps, E. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delgado, M. R.;Labouliere, C. D.;Phelps, E. A.
金钱是次要的增强剂，它通过社会交流和互动获得其价值。在日常的人类行为和实验室研究中，金钱已经被证明会影响学习的欲望或回报。然而，目前还不清楚金钱是否会对厌恶学习产生类似的影响。这项研究的目的是调查金钱在厌恶学习中的效果，并将其与传统的恐惧条件反射范式中使用的主要增强剂进行比较。研究人员进行了一系列实验，参与者最初玩的赌博游戏会带来金钱上的收益。然后呈现给他们一种厌恶的条件反射范式，以休克(主要强化因素)或金钱损失(次要强化因素)作为无条件刺激。皮肤电导反应和主观评分表明，潜在的金钱损失调节了条件性反应。根据呈现环境的不同，在厌恶条件作用下，次级强化因子与初级强化因子同样有效。这些结果表明，通过社会交流和互动获得强化属性的刺激，如金钱，可以有效地影响厌恶学习。
Money is a secondary reinforcer that acquires its value through social communication and interaction. In everyday human behavior and laboratory studies, money has been shown to influence appetitive or reward learning. It is unclear, however, if money has a similar impact on aversive learning. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of money in aversive learning, comparing it with primary reinforcers that are traditionally used in fear conditioning paradigms. A series of experiments were conducted in which participants initially played a gambling game that led to a monetary gain. They were then presented with an aversive conditioning paradigm, with either shock (primary reinforcer) or loss of money (secondary reinforcer) as the unconditioned stimulus. Skin conductance responses and subjective ratings indicated that potential monetary loss modulated the conditioned response. Depending on the presentation context, the secondary reinforcer was as effective as the primary reinforcer during aversive conditioning. These results suggest that stimuli that acquire reinforcing properties through social communication and interaction, such as money, can effectively influence aversive learning.