Strict vegetarian diet improves the risk factors associated with metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation
Strict vegetarian diet improves the risk factors associated with metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation
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DOI：
10.1111/1758-2229.12079
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bae, Jin-Woo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Min-Soo;Hwang, Seong-Soo;Bae, Jin-Woo
肠道的低度炎症导致代谢功能障碍，其中肠道微生物群的生态失调密切相关。膳食纤维诱导益生元效应，可能恢复肠道微生物群的失衡；然而，在代谢性疾病患者中没有临床试验的报道。在这里，6名患有2型糖尿病和/或高血压的肥胖受试者被分配到严格素食饮食（SVD） 1个月，并监测血糖和脂质代谢的血液生物标志物，粪便微生物群（使用454焦磷酸测序16S核糖体RNA基因），粪便脂钙素-2和短链脂肪酸。SVD降低了体重、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血红蛋白A1c的浓度，并改善了空腹血糖和餐后血糖水平。SVD降低了肠道菌群中厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例，但没有改变肠道类型。SVD导致致病菌如肠杆菌科减少，共生微生物如脆弱拟杆菌和梭状芽胞杆菌属XIVa和IV簇的增加，导致肠道脂质体-2和短链脂肪酸水平降低。这项研究强调了膳食纤维在改善代谢疾病危险因素方面的益处，并表明增加纤维摄入量可以通过改变肠道微生物群来减少肠道炎症。
Low-grade inflammation of the intestine results in metabolic dysfunction, in which dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is intimately involved. Dietary fibre induces prebiotic effects that may restore imbalances in the gut microbiota; however, no clinical trials have been reported in patients with metabolic diseases. Here, six obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension were assigned to a strict vegetarian diet (SVD) for 1 month, and blood biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolisms, faecal microbiota using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes, faecal lipocalin-2 and short-chain fatty acids were monitored. An SVD reduced body weight and the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c, and improved fasting glucose and postprandial glucose levels. An SVD reduced the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota, but did not alter enterotypes. An SVD led to a decrease in the pathobionts such as the Enterobacteriaceae and an increase in commensal microbes such as Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium species belonging to clusters XIVa and IV, resulting in reduced intestinal lipocalin-2 and short-chain fatty acids levels. This study underscores the benefits of dietary fibre for improving the risk factors of metabolic diseases and shows that increased fibre intake reduces gut inflammation by changing the gut microbiota.