Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling for the Adaptive Control of Posture During Locomotion
Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling for the Adaptive Control of Posture During Locomotion
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-3267-2_8
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aoi, Shinya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aoi, Shinya
人和动物通过合作和熟练地操纵复杂和冗余的肌肉骨骼系统，在不同的环境中产生适应性运动。为了建立这种运动，需要控制腿部运动以抵抗重力运输整个身体，并控制姿势以防止跌倒。然而，这些控制在运动过程中会相互影响身体的姿势，因为腿部运动会干扰姿势。运动过程中稳定姿势的潜在机制仍不清楚。在本章中，通过模拟研究，重点关注人类在干扰期间的适应性行走和大鼠后腿行走期间的避障，以研究神经系统在运动过程中维持身体姿势的功能作用。通过整合使用解剖数据的肌肉骨骼模型和基于生理学发现的神经系统模型，构建了人类和大鼠的神经肌肉骨骼模型。腿部运动控制是基于中枢模式发生器和肌肉协同的生理概念以及阶段重置和肢体间协调的感觉调节来建模的。还对姿势控制进行建模，以使用体感信息来调节姿势行为。我们还研究了这些控制如何有助于在运动过程中稳定姿势。
People and animals produce adaptive locomotion in diverse environments by cooperatively and skillfully manipulating their complicated and redundant musculoskeletal systems. To establish such locomotion, the control of leg movement to transport the entire body against gravity and the control of posture to prevent falling are required. However, these controls affect one another for the posture of the body during locomotion because leg movement disturbs the posture. The underlying mechanism for stabilizing posture during locomotion remains unclear. In this chapter, simulation studies are presented to investigate the functional roles of the nervous system to maintain the posture of the body during locomotion by focusing on the adaptive walking of humans during disturbances and on obstacle avoidance during walking by the hind legs of rats. Neuromusculoskeletal models for humans and rats were constructed by integrating the musculoskeletal model using anatomical data and the nervous system model based on physiological findings. The leg movement control was modeled based on the physiological concepts of central pattern generators and muscle synergy and on sensory regulation by phase resetting and interlimb coordination. The posture control was also modeled to regulate the postural behavior using somatosensory information. We also examine how these controls contribute to stabilizing posture during locomotion.