A Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Game-Based Learning Using Heart-Rate
A Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Game-Based Learning Using Heart-Rate
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基于心率的游戏学习动态难度调整可行性的初步研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Moeller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ninaus;Katerina Tsarava;K. Moeller
个性化和自适应在基于游戏的学习中变得至关重要，以优化用户体验和性能。传感器技术的最新进展允许获取运动员的生理数据，这又允许获取关于运动员的内部变化的比常规用户交互数据更细粒度的信息。因此，当前的试点研究评估了在基于数字游戏的急救人员培训中使用心率数据进行动态难度调整（DDA）的可行性。特别是，当学习者的心率低于/超过基于学习者个人基线心率的预定义阈值时，游戏变得更难/更容易。对于游戏的自适应版本，我们观察到心率变化确实会触发游戏变得更容易/更困难。与同一游戏的非自适应版本相比，这也改变了完成率。此外，玩家报告说，自适应版本比非自适应版本更具挑战性，更吸引人，也更难。同时，玩家们觉得适应版的难度刚刚好，而非适应版的难度比刚刚好还要难。总之，使用心率的DDA似乎是可行的。然而，未来的研究需要更详细地确定这种调整对性能和用户体验的影响。
Personalization and adaption have become crucial in game-based learning to optimize user experience and performance. Recent advances in sensor technology allow for acquiring physiological data of players which, in turn, allows for acquiring more fine-grained information on internal changes of the player than conventional user interaction data. Therefore, the current pilot study assessed the feasibility of dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) in a digital game-based emergency personnel training using heart rate data. In particular, the game became harder/easier when learners heart rate fell below/exceeded predefined thresholds based on leaners individual baseline heart rate. For the adaptive version of the game, we observed that heart rate changes indeed triggered the game to become easier/more difficult. This also altered completion rates as compared to a non-adaptive version of the same game. Moreover, players reported the adaptive version to be more challenging, fascinating, and harder than the non-adaptive one. At the same time players felt that the difficulty in the adaptive version was just right, while the non-adaptive one was rated to be harder than just right. In sum, DDA using heart rate seems feasible. However, future studies need to determine effects on performance and user experience of such adjustments in more detail and different contexts.