Immune modulation by chemotherapy or immunotherapy to enhance cancer vaccines.
Immune modulation by chemotherapy or immunotherapy to enhance cancer vaccines.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers3033114
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发表时间：
2011-08-05
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mansour M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weir GM;Liwski RS;Mansour M
多年来，化疗一直是癌症治疗的支柱。尽管取得了一些成功，但化疗对某些类型癌症的治愈率仍然不能令人满意，并且这些治疗的严重副作用令人担忧。最近，对肿瘤和免疫系统之间动态相互作用的了解促进了新型免疫疗法的发展，包括癌症疫苗。癌症疫苗具有许多优点，但其使用因免疫原性差而受到阻碍。许多进展提高了其在临床前模型中的效力，但癌症疫苗的临床记录仍然不佳。在某种程度上，这可能是由于无法有效克服肿瘤引起的免疫抑制。人们普遍认为免疫刺激性癌症疫苗不能与免疫抑制性化疗联合使用，但最近的证据对这一教条提出了挑战。化疗可用于调节免疫系统和肿瘤，以创造一个使癌症疫苗有更好成功机会的环境。其他类型的免疫疗法也可用于调节免疫系统。这篇综述将讨论如何通过化疗或免疫疗法进行免疫调节来增强癌症疫苗的效果，并讨论这些治疗的优点和缺点。
Chemotherapy has been a mainstay in cancer treatment for many years. Despite some success, the cure rate with chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory in some types of cancers, and severe side effects from these treatments are a concern. Recently, understanding of the dynamic interplay between the tumor and immune system has led to the development of novel immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines have many advantageous features, but their use has been hampered by poor immunogenicity. Many developments have increased their potency in pre-clinical models, but cancer vaccines continue to have a poor clinical track record. In part, this could be due to an inability to effectively overcome tumor-induced immune suppression. It had been generally assumed that immune-stimulatory cancer vaccines could not be used in combination with immunosuppressive chemotherapies, but recent evidence has challenged this dogma. Chemotherapies could be used to condition the immune system and tumor to create an environment where cancer vaccines have a better chance of success. Other types of immunotherapies could also be used to modulate the immune system. This review will discuss how immune modulation by chemotherapy or immunotherapy could be used to bolster the effects of cancer vaccines and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these treatments.