Schadenfreude as Social-Functional Dominance Regulator
Schadenfreude as Social-Functional Dominance Regulator
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000454
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jens Lange;Lea Boecker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jens Lange;Lea Boecker
幸灾乐祸是发生在其他人身上的不幸。因此，它本质上是一种社会情感。然而，以前的研究主要是探讨其自我功能。补充这些发现，我们提出了一个社会功能的方法幸灾乐祸。7项研究（总N = 2，362）支持以下观点：（a）幸灾乐祸是一个人在遭遇不幸时的一种反应;（B）幸灾乐祸的公开表达下调了另一个人的主导地位。具体来说，对最初成功的人的幸灾乐祸在他们表现出主导地位时会加剧（即，傲慢的骄傲或普遍的支配）而不是威望（即，真实的自豪感或一般的威望）或其它展示（即，他们的成就（研究1至3）。这种影响是通过邻居的恶意嫉妒来介导的（研究4）。与幸灾乐祸和尴尬沉默的私下表达相比，幸灾乐祸的公开表达降低了最初成功者的感知优势（研究5和6）。这种优势地位的降低进一步对上级产生了下游影响（研究7）。这些发现强调了幸灾乐祸的社会功能，并为在个人内部，人际关系和群体间水平上研究幸灾乐祸提供了途径。
Schadenfreude follows from misfortunes happening to other individuals. It is therefore an essentially social emotion. However, previous research has mainly explored its intrapersonal functions. Complementing these findings, we propose a social-functional approach to schadenfreude. Seven studies (total N = 2,362) support that (a) schadenfreude is a reaction to a misfortune befalling an initially dominance-displaying individual and (b) the public expression of schadenfreude downregulates the dominance of the other person. Specifically, schadenfreude toward initially successful persons was intensified when they displayed dominance (i.e., hubristic pride or general dominance) instead of prestige (i.e., authentic pride or general prestige) or other displays (i.e., embarrassment) following their achievement (Studies 1 to 3). This effect was mediated via inferiors’ malicious envy (Study 4). The public expression of schadenfreude then reduced the perceived dominance of the initially successful person compared with private expressions of schadenfreude and awkward silence (Studies 5 and 6). This dominance reduction further had downstream consequences for the superior person (Study 7). The findings underline the social functioning of schadenfreude and provide avenues for research on schadenfreude at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup level.