IMAGES OF BLACK AMERICANS: Then, "Them," and Now, "Obama!"
IMAGES OF BLACK AMERICANS: Then, "Them," and Now, "Obama!"
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DOI：
10.1017/s1742058x0909002x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Williams, Lyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fiske, Susan T;Bergsieker, Hilary B;Williams, Lyle
美国黑人的形象正变得非常多样化，这使得巴拉克•奥巴马（Barack Obama）能够打破头脑简单的刻板印象并取得成功。通过刻板印象内容模型的感知温暖和能力的基本特征维度，美国黑人的形象表现出三种相关的模式。由于遗漏而形成的刻板印象使非黑人能够强调积极的一面，排除任何挥之不去的消极因素，但又因其缺失而暗示消极因素；具体来说，把美国黑人描述成群居和热情的人暗示了温暖，但忽视了能力，暗示了能力的缺乏。奥巴马的资历使他没有被说成无能，尽管有关经验的辩论仍在继续。他传奇般的冷静和激情的魅力拯救了他的温暖维度。在非黑人和黑人样本中，美国黑人的社会阶层亚型在低收入黑人和专业黑人之间存在显著差异。奥巴马显然属于温和、能干的黑人专业人士亚型。最后，竞选活动的事件（和非事件）使选民的习惯克服了非黑人对美国黑人自动的情感警惕。
Images of Black Americans are becoming remarkably diverse, enabling Barack Obama to defy simple-minded stereotypes and succeed. Understood through the Stereotype Content Model's demonstrably fundamental trait dimensions of perceived warmth and competence, images of Black Americans show three relevant patterns. Stereotyping by omission allows non-Blacks to accentuate the positive, excluding any lingering negativity but implying it by its absence; specifically, describing Black Americans as gregarious and passionate suggests warmth but ignores competence and implies its lack. Obama's credentials prevented him from being cast as incompetent, though the experience debate continued. His legendary calm and passionate charisma saved him on the warmth dimension. Social class subtypes for Black Americans differentiate dramatically between low-income Blacks and Black professionals, among both non-Black and Black samples. Obama clearly fit the moderately warm, highly competent Black-professional subtype. Finally, the campaign's events (and nonevents) allowed voter habituation to overcome non-Blacks' automatic emotional vigilance to Black Americans.