Why Don't Housing Choice Voucher Recipients Live Near Better Schools? Insights from Big Data
Why Don't Housing Choice Voucher Recipients Live Near Better Schools? Insights from Big Data
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DOI：
10.1002/pam.21929
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schwartz, Amy Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellen, Ingrid Gould;Horn, Keren Mertens;Schwartz, Amy Ellen
住房选择券为低收入家庭提供额外收入，用于在私人市场租赁住房。援助券提供的金额很大，有可能大幅扩大低收入家庭可以接触到的社区和相关公立学校。然而，现有的关于该计划的研究表明，住房选择券持有者居住的社区的学校并不比其他收入相似的家庭更好。换句话说，家庭似乎并没有将代金券提供的额外收入用于进入更好的学校。在这项分析中，我们依赖于一个大规模的行政数据集，以探讨为什么凭证家庭通常不住在附近更好的学校，衡量学校水平的熟练率。我们联合收割机了住房和城市发展部关于15个州的140万住房选择券持有者的机密行政数据，以及来自5，841个不同学区的学校数据，以研究为什么住房券保持器者的平均居住地不靠近表现更好的学校。具体来说，我们使用的大规模的行政数据集来测试是否凭证持有人生活在附近的好学校和疲软的住房市场的地区走向更好的学校时，学校成为突出他们，也就是说，当他们的最大的孩子成为学校资格。我们利用我们的管理数据提供的有幼儿的家庭的厚样本来实现家庭固定效应和回归不连续设计。这些分析一起揭示了代金券家庭是否更有可能在学校最相关的时候转向更好的学校，以及市场条件如何塑造这种反应。我们发现，有代金券的家庭更有可能在他们最大的孩子达到幼儿园入学资格之前的一年里进入一所更好的学校，这表明显着性很重要。此外，在大都市地区，这种影响的程度更大，因为高绩效学校附近和邻近高绩效学校的社区有相对较高比例的负担得起的租赁单位。研究结果显示，如果获得适当的信息和机会，更多的学券家庭会在子女达到入学年龄时转往更好的学校。(C)2016年，公共政策分析与管理协会。
Housing choice vouchers provide low-income households with additional income to spend on rental housing in the private market. The assistance vouchers provide is substantial, offering the potential to dramatically expand the neighborhoodsand associated public schoolsthat low-income households can reach. However, existing research on the program suggests that housing choice voucher holders live in neighborhoods with schools that are no better than those accessible to other households with similar incomes. Households, in other words, do not seem to spend the additional income provided by the voucher to access better schools. In this analysis we rely on a large-scale administrative data set to explore why voucher households typically do not live near to better schools, as measured by school-level proficiency rates. We combine confidential administrative data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development on 1.4 million housing choice voucher holders in 15 states, with school-level data from 5,841 different school districts, to examine why the average housing voucher holder does not live near to higher-performing schools than otherwise similar households without vouchers. Specifically, we use the large-scale administrative data set to test whether voucher holders living in areas with good schools nearby and slack housing markets move toward better schools when schools become salient for themthat is, when their oldest child becomes school eligible. We take advantage of the thick sample of households with young children provided through our administrative data to implement both a household fixed effects and a regression discontinuity design. Together these analyses shed light on whether voucher households are more likely to move toward better schools when schools are most relevant, and how market conditions shape that response. We find that families with vouchers are more likely to move toward a better school in the year before their oldest child meets the eligibility cutoff for kindergarten, suggesting salience matters. Further, the magnitude of the effect is larger in metropolitan areas with a relatively high share of affordable rental units located near high-performing schools and in neighborhoods in close proximity to higher-performing schools. Results suggest that, if given the appropriate information and opportunities, more voucher families would move to better schools when their children reach school age. (C) 2016 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.