Microbiome characteristics and the key biochemical reactions identified on stone world cultural heritage under different climate conditions
Microbiome characteristics and the key biochemical reactions identified on stone world cultural heritage under different climate conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114041
复制
发表时间：
2021-11-03
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Gu, Ji-Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Xinghua;Lan, Wensheng;Gu, Ji-Dong
历史石碑的表面明显覆盖着一层定居的微生物及其降解产物。在这项研究中，使用NCBI数据库中的微生物测序数据进行元数据分析，以确定在四种不同气候条件下重要的世界文化遗产地的石头微生物组的多样性，生物退化潜力和功能。这些宏基因组中检索到的石头微生物群落组成显示了历史古迹的气候类型与石头微生物群落的多样性和分类组成之间的明确关联。Shannon多样性值表明，干燥气候条件下的石碑上的微生物群落比潮湿气候条件下的石碑上的微生物群落更加多样。特别是，与光合作用和抗紫外线的功能，确定了不同的气候类型下的地理位置。导致结石恶化的关键微生物决定因素的分布与极端环境条件下的生存以及生化能力和反应有关。其中微生物氮、硫循环的生化反应占主导地位。这些历史石碑上的石头居住微生物组是高度多样化的，并在能量代谢和生物量积累的驱动下自我维持。而这些古遗迹内部地质微生物氮循环的代谢产物在石碑的生物劣化中起着独特的作用。这些结果突出了识别必要的微生物生化反应的意义，以促进对石材生物变质的保护管理的理解。
The surfaces of historical stone monuments are visibly covered with a layer of colonizing microorganisms and their degradation products. In this study, a metadata analysis was conducted using the microbial sequencing data available from NCBI database to determine the diversity, biodeterioration potential and functionality of the stone microbiome on important world cultural heritage sites under four different climatic conditions. The retrieved stone microbial community composition in these metagenomes shows a clear association between climate types of the historical monuments and the diversity and taxonomic composition of the stone microbiomes. Shannon diversity values showed that microbial communities on stone monuments exposed to dry climate were more diverse than those under humid ones. In particular, functions associated with photosynthesis and UV resistance were identified from geographical locations under different climate types. The distribution of key microbial determinants responsible for stone deterioration was linked to survival under extreme environmental conditions and biochemical capabilities and reactions. Among them, biochemical reactions of the microbial nitrogen and sulfur cycles were most predominant. These stone-dwelling microbiomes on historical stone monuments were highly diverse and self-sustaining driven by energy metabolism and biomass accumulation. And metabolic products of the internal geomicrobiological nitrogen cycling on these ancient monuments play a unique role in the biodeterioration of stone monuments. These results highlight the significance of identifying the essential microbial biochemical reactions to advance the understanding of stone biodeterioration for protection management.