Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in mammals
Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in mammals
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schmitt, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cartmill, M;Lemelin, P;Schmitt, D
四足哺乳动物的对称步态通常用两个变量来描述：占空因数（S =一只脚的站立周期，占步态周期的百分比）和对角性（D =左后脚步先于左前脚步的周期周期百分比）。我们表明，支持多边形在步行过程中进行了优化（即，仅用双脚站立的运动周期的百分比被最小化）对于：（1）灵长类动物特征的对角序列、对角对步行（50 < D < 75），当D = [后肢S]时;（2）侧序，侧联行走（3）当D = 100 - [前肢S]时，侧序对角联行走（25 < D < 50）。为了确定动物的行为是否在这个意义上是最佳的，我们检查了45种哺乳动物的346个对称步态周期。我们的经验数据表明，哺乳动物的运动行为接近理论上的最优值。我们认为，对角线序列行走可能是通过灵长类动物作为一种手段，以确保一个把握后脚被放置在一个持久的位置上的一个测试的支持的时刻，当对侧的前脚罢工了一个未经测试的支持。(C)2002年，伦敦林奈学会。
The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often described in terms of two variables: duty factor (S = the stance period of one foot, as a percentage of the gait cycle) and diagonality (D = the percentage of the cycle period by which the left hind footfall precedes the left fore footfall). We show that support polygons are optimized during walking (i.e. the percentage of the locomotor cycle spent standing on only two feet is minimized) for: (1) the diagonal-sequence, diagonal-couplets walks characteristic of primates (50 < D < 75) when D = [hindlimb S]; (2) lateral-sequence, lateral-couplets walks (0 < D < 25) when D = [hindlimb S] - 50; (3) lateral-sequence, diagonal-couplets walks (25 < D < 50) when D = 100 - [forelimb S]. To determine whether animal behaviour is optimal in this sense, we examined 346 symmetrical gait cycles in 45 mammal species. Our empirical data show that mammalian locomotor behaviour approximates the theoretical optima. We suggest that diagonal-sequence walking may be adopted by primates as a means of ensuring that a grasping hindfoot is placed in a protracted position on a tested support at the moment when the contralateral forefoot strikes down on an untested support. (C) 2002 The Linnean Society of London.