CONVERSION OF SOLID NEOPLASMS INTO ASCITES TUMORS
CONVERSION OF SOLID NEOPLASMS INTO ASCITES TUMORS
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实体瘤转化为腹水瘤
DOI：
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发表时间：
1955
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
E. Klein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Klein;E. Klein
1927年，Hessel发现Flexner-Jobling大鼠癌可以通过腹水传播，腹水是肿瘤在腹腔中生长的过程中产生的。他推荐该程序作为肿瘤移植的一种简单方便的方法。一年后，Koch证实了这一发现，2他发现与皮下移植相比，这种传播方法导致了更高的摄取百分比。科赫试图在他的实验中证明一种假定的原生动物癌症病因学，他的许多论点已经失去了兴趣。然而，他的一些发现仍然是重要的，特别是他对腹水中细胞数量随时间逐渐增加的描述，冷藏时的可传递性的保持，暴露于37 ℃后的活性丧失。过滤后，从健康大鼠获得正常腹膜液的技术进行比较研究;还强调了湿固定的必要性，以保留渗出液细胞中的细胞学细节。科赫的两个合作者，勒文塔尔和J a h~~，~曾多次尝试用埃利希小鼠癌进行类似的实验，但一开始就很不成功。在三年的过程中，他们未能获得其他实体生长后，腹膜内接种的肿瘤。1932年，他们用同样的方法，突然得到了含有大量肿瘤细胞的癌性腹水。他们建立了一种新的埃利希癌转移线，通过腹膜渗出液的连续腹膜内通道进行，并将其称为"腹水瘤"。他们指出了使用该材料精确接种剂量的可能性，并发现了接种细胞数量与存活时间之间的相关性。他们还认识到，小的接种物往往不能产生腹水，只会产生实体瘤。洛文塔尔和雅恩的腹水瘤在描述后不久就在德国广泛用于实验，近年来在其他地方也得到了广泛应用。Lettr64p是最早详细研究其各种特性的肿瘤之一，强调了这种肿瘤形式在化疗实验中的优势。Klein et~1. 1993年，瓦尔堡和Hieplers推荐将其用于肿瘤细胞化学组成的研究，并首次将其用于代谢实验。Hauschka和莱万认识到它在染色体数目和形态学研究中的非凡价值。在它的发现之后，有一种倾向，即把腹水瘤01 Loewenthal和Jahn看作是一种非常特殊的情况或可移植肿瘤的变体
In 1927, Hessel showed that the Flexner-Jobling rat carcinoma can be transmitted by ascitic fluid that develops during the growth of the tumor in the peritoneal cavity. He recommended the procedure as an easy and convenient means for tumor transplantation. This finding was confirmed one year later by Koch,2 who found that this method of transmission results in an increased percentage of takes when compared to subcutaneous transplantation. Koch was trying to prove in his experiments an assumed protozoan etiology of cancer, and many of his arguments have lost interest. Some of his findings are still important, however, particularly his description of the gradually increasing cellularity of the ascitic fluid with time, the preservation of transmissibility upon cold storage, the loss of activity after exposure to 37” C. and after filtration, the technique to obtain normal peritoneal fluid from healthy rats for comparative studies; also the emphasis placed on the necessity of wet fixation to preserve cytological detail in the exudate cells. Two of Koch’s collaborators, Loewenthal and J a h ~ ~ , ~ have tried repeatedly to perform similar experiments with the Ehrlich mouse carcinoma, but were a t first quite unsuccessful in their efforts. In the course of three years, they failed to obtain other than solid growth after the intraperitoneal inoculation of the tumor. I n 1932, using the same procedure, they suddenly obtained a carcinomatous ascitic fluid containing a large concentration of neoplastic cells. They established a new transfer line of the Ehrlich carcinoma, carried by serial intraperitoneal passage of peritoneal exudate, and called it “ascites tumor.” They have pointed out the possibility of exact inoculum dosage with this material and have found a correlation between the number of cells inoculated and survival time. They have also realized that small inocula often fail to produce ascites and give rise only to solid tumors. The ascites tumor of Loewenthal and Jahn found wide use in experimentation in Germany soon after its description and, in more recent years, elsewhere. Lettr64p one of the first to study its various characteristics in detail, emphasized the advantages of this tumor form in chemotherapeutic experiments. Klein et ~ 1 . ~ 9 ‘3 have recommended it for studies on the chcmical composition of tumor cells, and Warburg and Hieplers were the first to use it in metabolic experiments. I ts extraordinary value in studies on chromosome number and morphology was recognized by Hauschka and Levan.lo Following its discovery, there was a tendency to rcgard the ascites tumor 01 Loewenthal and Jahn as a very special case or variant of transplantable tumors