What determines sex roles in mate searching?(Retracted article. See vol. 70, pg. 742, 2016)
What determines sex roles in mate searching?(Retracted article. See vol. 70, pg. 742, 2016)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00090.x
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Wong, Bob B. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kokko, Hanna;Wong, Bob B. M.
汉默斯坦和帕克（Hammerstein and Parker，1987）在一篇开创性的论文中描述了寻找配偶中的性别角色是如何依赖于频率的：当异性承担更大的寻找努力时，一种性别进行寻找配偶的需要就减少了。有趣的是，这预示着女性和男性一样有可能搜索，尽管后者的潜在繁殖率更高。然而，这一预测并没有得到数据的支持：自然界中普遍存在男性寻找配偶的行为。在实证文献中也有反例。根据所研究的分类群，雌性寻找配偶的行为可能出现在低密度或高密度的条件下，因此所提出的解释也有所不同。我们通过建立两个模型（有和没有精子竞争）来研究这些令人困惑的观察结果。当明确包括精子竞争时，男性择偶成为主导模式;当排除精子竞争时，只有当我们假设女性的择偶成本更高时，男性择偶才占主导地位。因此，我们的模型中出现了两个假设。多交配假说解释了男性搜索的基础上无处不在的精子竞争，并预测，女性搜索可以出现在低密度的情况下，精子可以成为限制。这也可以解释雌性信息素的产生，雄性支付大部分的搜索成本。特定性别的成本假说预测相反的模式，女性搜索在高密度的条件下，它可能适用于一些物种中的精子限制是不太可能的。
In a seminal paper, Hammerstein and Parker (1987) described how sex roles in mate searching can be frequency dependent: the need for one sex to perform mate searching is diminished when the opposite sex takes on the greater searching effort. Intriguingly, this predicts that females are just as likely to search as males, despite a higher potential reproductive rate by the latter sex. This prediction, however, is not supported by data: male mate searching prevails in nature. Counterexamples also exist in the empirical literature. Depending on the taxon studied, female mate searching can arise in either low-or high-density conditions, and suggested explanations differ accordingly. We examine these puzzling observations by building two models (with and without sperm competition). When sperm competition is explicitly included, male mate searching becomes the dominant pattern; when it is excluded, male mate searching predominates only if we assume that costs of searching are higher for females. Consequently, two hypotheses emerge from our models. The multiple-mating hypothesis explains male searching on the basis of the ubiquity of sperm competition, and predicts that female searching can arise in low-density situations in which sperm can become limiting. It can also explain cases of female pheromone production, where males pay the majority of search costs. The sex-specific cost hypothesis predicts the opposite pattern of female searching in high-density conditions, and it potentially applies to some species in which sperm limitation is unlikely.