The Linear City: illustrating the logic of spatial equilibrium

The Linear City: illustrating the logic of spatial equilibrium
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线性城市:阐释空间平衡的逻辑

DOI:
10.1007/s43762-022-00036-z
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Computational Urban Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Batty M
Batty M
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Batty M

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线性城市的活动沿着一条交通线展开,目的是为其邻近人口以及农村提供最高水平的可达性。这些城市形式在建筑师和规划师中很受欢迎,但它们很难实现,因为它们涉及对开发的严格控制,而这些开发往往忽视了与我们所处位置和移动方式相关的人类行为。我们简要地探讨了这些想法的历史,注意到最新的建议,建立一个170公里的城市称为Neomin西北沙特阿拉伯,一个计划,吸引了相当多的批评,其明显的无知如何实际的城市增长和演变。我们使用一个基于引力原理的人类流动标准模型来定义一组平衡条件,以说明一个理论上的城市在没有任何控制的情况下如何成功地适应这样一个新的平衡。首先,我们用一条线来表示城市,展示其人口如何沿着这条线沿着达到平衡,然后我们将其推广到一个更大的二维空间,在这个空间中,当人口在整个空间中最大化其可达性时,穿过网格的原始线会演变。在这个二维世界中,我们模拟了不同的形式,反映了集中与分散力量的平衡,显示了这种平衡在摧毁任何理想化形式方面的力量。这种方法告诉我们,理想化的未来城市可以在多大程度上偏离线性城市所强加的那种正式规划。
Linear cities where activity is spread out along a transportation line, aim to offer the highest levels of accessibility to their adjacent populations as well as to the countryside. These city forms are popular amongst architects and planners in envisioning ideal cities but they are difficult to implement as they involve strict controls on development which often ignore human behaviour associated with where we locate and how we move. We briefly explore the history of these ideas, noting the latest proposal to build a 170 km city calledNeomin north west Saudi Arabia, a plan that has attracted considerable criticism for its apparent ignorance of how actual cities grow and evolve. We use a standard model of human mobility based on gravitational principles to define a set of equilibrium conditions that illustrate how a theoretical city on a line would, without any controls, successively adapt to such a new equilibrium. First, we represent the city on a line, showing how its population moves to an equilibrium along the line, and then we generalise this to a bigger two-dimensional space where the original line cutting across the grid evolves as populations maximise their accessibility over the entire space. In this two-dimensional world, we simulate different forms that reflect a balance of centralising versus decentralising forces, showing the power of such equilibria in destroying any idealised form. This approach informs our thinking about how far idealised future cities can depart from formal plans of the kind that the linear city imposes.
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