Europe's Crisis of Legitimacy
Europe's Crisis of Legitimacy
复制标题
欧洲的合法性危机
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780198797050.001.0001
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
V. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Schmidt
人们对贫穷国家基础设施发展的公私伙伴关系的潜在好处寄予很高的期望。以20国集团、联合国和其他组织为首的发展界希望公私伙伴关系能够帮助实现“变革性”的大型项目以及实现可持续发展目标。但购买力平价直到20世纪90年代才得到广泛应用。购买力平价的讨论仍然被最佳实践指导、侧重于发达国家的学术研究或意识形态批评所主导。与此同时，实践者已经悄悄积累了大量关于PPP绩效的经验证据。这本书的目的是总结和巩固这一关键的循证研究对低收入国家(LIC)购买力平价的看法，从而对这些机制的实用价值提出更现实的观点。这本书的重点是撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)，那里是世界上大多数最贫穷国家的家园，尽管也包括了来自其他地区和更富裕的发展中国家的见解。对非洲许多最著名的公私合作伙伴关系的案例研究被用来说明这些发现。这本书表明，在贫穷国家，购买力平价没有达到预期，只有在许多最初定义的购买力平价特征被改变的情况下，才能持续。公私伙伴关系确实可以发挥很小但有意义的作用，但前提是人们的期望仍然不高，项目要接受透明的评估和竞争。一些国家正在进行的购买力平价机制试验表明，购买力平价可能正在演变，以更好地实现贫穷国家的利益。
Expectations are high regarding the potential benefits of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in poor countries. The development community, led by the G20, the United Nations, and others, expects PPPs to help with “transformational” megaprojects as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But PPPs have been widely used only since the 1990s. The discussion of PPPs is still dominated by best-practice guidance, academic studies that focus on developed countries, or ideological criticism. Meanwhile, practitioners have quietly accumulated a large body of empirical evidence on PPP performance. The purpose of this book is to summarize and consolidate what this critical mass of evidence-based research says about PPPs in low-income countries (LICs) and thereby develop a more realistic perspective on the practical value of these mechanisms. The focus of the book is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to most of the world’s poorest countries, although insights from other regions and more affluent developing countries are also included. Case studies of many of the best-known PPPs in Africa are used to illustrate these findings. This book demonstrates that PPPs have not met expectations in poor countries, and are only sustainable if many of the original defining characteristics of PPPs are changed. PPPs do have a small but meaningful role to play, but only if expectations remain modest and projects are subject to transparent evaluation and competition. Experiments with PPP mechanisms underway in some countries suggest ways in which PPPs may be evolving to better realize benefits in poor countries.