Creating ad hoc graphical representations of number

Creating ad hoc graphical representations of number
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创建数字的临时图形表示

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105665
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Barner, David
Barner, David
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holt, Sebastian;Fan, Judith E.;Barner, David

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沟通准确数字的能力对许多现代人类实践至关重要,包括科学,工业和政治。虽然一些早期的数字系统使用1对1的对应关系(例如,“IIII "表示4),大多数系统通过更任意的约定(例如,“7”和“VII”)。然而,当人们无法依赖传统数字时,他们最初会使用什么策略来传达数字?在三个实验中,参与者使用图片来交流包含1-16个项目的对象的视觉阵列,无论是通过制作徒手画还是组合视觉标记。我们分析了他们所产生的图片是如何随着交际需要(实验1),阵列中的空间距离(实验2)和标记的视觉特性(实验3)而变化的。在实验1中,我们发现,参与者经常表示的形式1-1表示的数字,但有时也利用的配置集。在实验2中,这种策略,使用图形的线索被夸大时,集特别大,当线索可预见地与数字相关。最后,在实验3中,参与者很容易采用物体的显着数字特征(例如,四叶三叶草),并且通常以累积加和的方式将它们组合。总的来说,这些发现证实了历史证据,即人类利用外部环境中的数字相关性-例如形状,图形线索或1对1的对应关系-作为创新更抽象的数字表示的基础。
The ability to communicate about exact number is critical to many modern human practices spanning science, industry, and politics. Although some early numeral systems used 1-to-1 correspondence (e.g., ‘IIII' to represent 4), most systems provide compact representations via more arbitrary conventions (e.g., ‘7’ and ‘VII'). When people are unable to rely on conventional numerals, however, what strategies do they initially use to communicate number? Across three experiments, participants used pictures to communicate about visual arrays of objects containing 1–16 items, either by producing freehand drawings or combining sets of visual tokens. We analyzed how the pictures they produced varied as a function of communicative need (Experiment 1), spatial regularities in the arrays (Experiment 2), and visual properties of tokens (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, we found that participants often expressed number in the form of 1-to-1 representations, but sometimes also exploited the configuration of sets. In Experiment 2, this strategy of using configural cues was exaggerated when sets were especially large, and when the cues were predictably correlated with number. Finally, in Experiment 3, participants readily adopted salient numerical features of objects (e.g., four-leaf clover) and generally combined them in a cumulative-additive manner. Taken together, these findings corroborate historical evidence that humans exploit correlates of number in the external environment – such as shape, configural cues, or 1-to-1 correspondence – as the basis for innovating more abstract number representations.
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