Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Coastal Ocean Information Needs
Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Coastal Ocean Information Needs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.proenv.2010.09.021
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Malone;M. Davidson;P. DiGiacomo;E. Gonçalves;T. Knap;J. Muelbert;J. Parslow;N. Sweijd;T. Yanagai;H. Yap
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Malone;M. Davidson;P. DiGiacomo;E. Gonçalves;T. Knap;J. Muelbert;J. Parslow;N. Sweijd;T. Yanagai;H. Yap
气候变化的地方性表现正在威胁沿海生态系统在全球范围内支持社会珍视的商品和服务的能力。正如许多国际和国家海洋政策、公约和协定所阐明的那样，人们普遍认为，需要基于生态系统的适应性办法来管理气候风险和适应气候变化对我们环境的影响。设计和实施这类办法需要例行和持续地提供数据和信息，以便能够定期评估海洋和河口生态系统的状况、状况的变化以及未来可能出现的状况及其支持货物和服务的能力。提供这些数据和信息是全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)气候和沿海模块的一个主要目标，该模块是全球地球观测系统的海洋和沿海部分，它是通过世界气象组织(WMO)和政府间海洋学委员会(IOC)领导的一项国际努力而形成的，目的是整合、改进和加强现有的监测和建模能力。其目标是建立持续、综合和可互操作的办法，通过国家、区域和全球各级的数据管理和通信，有效地将观察和模型联系起来。气候模块的初步要求已经完成，全球执行工作已经开始。然而，沿海全球海洋观测系统的实施进展缓慢，地域分布不均，特别是在发展中国家和新兴经济体的沿海地区。为更迅速、更有效地推动这一进程，必须应对的挑战包括：(A)能力建设；(B)达成国际协定，及时交流关于区域和全球沿海生态系统状况和变化状况的数据；(C)就分阶段实施沿海全球海洋观测系统战略计划的优先事项达成国际共识；(D)建立机制，根据需要将科学和技术进步转变为业务模式；(E)在沿海国和现有区域机构之间进行区域和全球协调与协作，实现相关目标和数据要求；(F)协调全球海洋观测系统气候和沿海单元的开发。讨论了与这些挑战有关的问题，并介绍了全球海洋观测系统科学指导委员会目前在记录沿海海洋观测系统要求方面所做的努力。
Local expressions of climate change are threatening the capacity of coastal ecosystems to support goods and services valued by society on a global scale. As articulated in many international and national ocean policies, conventions and agreements, there is widespread agreement that adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches are needed to manage climate risks and to adapt to the impacts of climate change on our environment. Design and implementation of such approaches requires routine and continuous provision of data and information that enable regular assessments of the states of marine and estuarine ecosystems, changes in states and likely future states in terms of their capacity to support goods and services. The provision of these data and information is a major goal of the climate and coastal modules of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the oceans and coastal component of the Global Earth Observing System, which is coming into being through an international effort led by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) to integrate, improve and build on existing monitoring and modelling capabilities. The objective is to establish sustained, integrated and interoperable approaches that efficiently link observations and models through data management and communications on national, regional and global scales. Initial requirements for the climate module have been completed and global implementation has begun. However, implementation of coastal GOOS has been slow and uneven geographically, especially in the coastal zones of developing countries and emerging economies. Challenges that must be addressed to move this process along more rapidly and effectively include (a) capacity building; (b) reaching international agreements that enable timely exchanges of data on the states and changing states of coastal ecosystems regionally and globally; (c) achieving international consensus on priorities for phased implementation of coastal GOOS strategic plans; (d) establishing mechanisms to transition advances in science and technology into operational modes as needed; (e) effecting regional and global coordination and collaboration among coastal nations and existing regional bodies with related goals and data requirements; and (f) coordinating the development of the climate and coastal modules of GOOS. Issues associated with these challenges are discussed and the current effort of the GOOS Scientific Steering Committee to document observing system requirements for the coastal ocean is described.