Potential mineralization and nitrification in volcanic grassland soils in Chile

Potential mineralization and nitrification in volcanic grassland soils in Chile
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智利火山草原土壤的潜在矿化和硝化作用

DOI:
10.1080/00380768.2013.789395
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Cardenas L
Cardenas L
中科院分区:
农林科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cardenas L

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作为有机或无机肥料施用到草原上的一部分氮(N)可能会以硝酸盐的形式流失到水道中,并以一氧化二氮和一氧化氮的形式流失到大气中。智利的火山土壤一般不容易沥滤,可能是由于硝酸盐和/或铵的净固定,和/或由于化学或物理过程抑制硝化作用。在实验室研究中,我们发现,经过17周的培养,智利三种不同土壤中的土壤具有很大的矿化潜力,其中两种安地土壤的矿化潜力为215和254 mg kg− 1干土,一种终极土壤的矿化潜力为127 mg kg− 1干土。硝化作用发生后一个短的时间内,在淋溶土中最低。此外,微生物分析表明,硝化菌存在于所有三种土壤中。铵的吸附比硝酸盐强两倍,范围为29至180 kg N ha−1。0-60 cm土壤剖面中氮吸附潜力最大的是腐植土(398 kg N ha−1),但在两个Andisol中相似(分别为193和172 kg N ha−1)。铵态氮的滞留和硝化作用的延迟可能是造成这些土壤低淋溶速率的原因。
A proportion of the nitrogen (N) applied to grasslands as organic or inorganic fertilizers can be lost to water courses as nitrate and to the atmosphere as nitrous and nitric oxides. Volcanic soils from Chile are not generally prone to leaching, possibly due to net immobilization of nitrate and/or ammonium, and/or due to inhibition of nitrification by either chemical or physical processes. In laboratory studies we found large mineralization potentials in soils from three different Chilean soils after 17 weeks of incubation, totalling 215 and 254 mg kg−1dry soil for two Andisols and 127 mg kg−1dry soil in an Ultisol. Nitrification occurred after a short period, and was lowest in the Ultisol. In addition, microbial analysis showed nitrifiers to be present in all three soils. Adsorption of ammonium was two-fold stronger than for nitrate, ranging from 29 to 180 kg N ha−1. The highest potential for N adsorption in the 0–60 cm soil profile was with the Ultisol (398 kg N ha−1), but was similar in both Andisols (193 and 172 kg N ha−1, respectively). The combination of ammonium retention together with delayed nitrification could account for the low leaching rates in these soils.
智利苏埃洛斯火山。
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