Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II.
Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II.
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DOI：
10.1017/s136898002100001x
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Mensink GB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brettschneider AK;Lage Barbosa C;Haftenberger M;Lehmann F;Mensink GB
儿童和青少年时期养成的饮食习惯可能会延续到成年。不平衡的饮食可能导致营养缺乏和能量摄入过多;这些增加了超重和肥胖及其合并症的风险。在目前的分析中，青少年的食物消费的描述和评价对德国食品为基础的膳食指南，特别注重社会经济地位（SES）和居住地区。在“德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和检查调查”（KiGGS Wave 2）中，从2015年到2017年进行了横断面“饮食研究作为KiGGS模块”（EsKiMo II），以提供有关饮食行为的数据。德国。1353名12-17岁的青少年，来自全国代表性样本，食物消费数据来自计算机辅助饮食史访谈。德国青少年水果、蔬菜、淀粉类食品和牛奶/乳制品的平均消费量低于建议值。肉类/肉制品和不适宜的食物（如应少吃的糖果）的平均消费量约为推荐量的1.5倍。大多数青少年饮用的饮料总量高于建议的最低量。低社会经济地位的青少年的软饮料消费量是高社会经济地位的青少年的软饮料消费量的三到五倍。结果表明，需要改善德国青少年的饮食习惯。应继续采取进一步措施，促进德国的健康饮食，并加强对社会不平等问题的关注。
Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. Within the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’ (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional ‘Eating Study as a KiGGS Module’ (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. Germany. 1353 adolescents aged 12–17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.