Interviewing insights regarding the fatalities inflicted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Interviewing insights regarding the fatalities inflicted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
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采访有关 2011 年东日本大地震造成的死亡人数的见解
DOI：
10.5194/nhess-13-2173-2013
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Y. Tu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Ando;M. Ishida;Y. Hayashi;C. Mizuki;Y. Nishikawa;Y. Tu
抽象。对2011年3月11日东日本大地震（东北大地震）（Mw = 9.0）的150名幸存者进行了采访，以研究东北沿海地区海啸的死亡原因。第一次官方海啸警报低估了海啸的高度，40%的受访者没有收到这一警报，因为地震后立即停电和缺乏沟通。许多人选择留在危险地点，是因为低估了警报和他们以前经历过较小的海啸，以及/或误解了附近防波堤在阻挡海啸方面的缓解作用。有些人推迟撤离，以进行家庭安全检查，在许多情况下，受影响的人误解了海啸的风险。在2011年海啸之前的115年里，该地区发生了三次大海啸。这些海啸留在了社区的集体记忆中，并采取了防止今后海啸破坏的许多措施，如防波堤和海啸疏散演习。尽管做了这些准备工作，仍发生了约18 500起死亡和失踪案件。65岁及以上的死亡率特别高，比其他年龄组的死亡率高出四倍。这些访谈表明，死亡是由各种原因造成的，但如果居民在主要的地面运动停止后立即采取行动，大多数居民可能会获救。关于地震和海啸背后的科学教育可以帮助在未来拯救更多的生命。
Abstract. One hundred fifty survivors of the 11 March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (Tohoku-oki earthquake) (Mw = 9.0) were interviewed to study the causes of deaths from the associated tsunami in coastal areas of Tohoku. The first official tsunami warning underestimated the height of the tsunami and 40% of the interviewees did not obtain this warning due to immediate blackouts and a lack of communication after the earthquake. Many chose to remain in dangerous locations based on the underestimated warning and their experiences with previous smaller tsunamis and/or due to misunderstanding the mitigating effects of nearby breakwaters in blocking incoming tsunamis. Some delayed their evacuation to perform family safety checks, and in many situations, the people affected misunderstood the risks involved in tsunamis. In this area, three large tsunamis have struck in the 115 yr preceding the 2011 tsunami. These tsunamis remained in the collective memory of communities, and numerous measures against future tsunami damage, such as breakwaters and tsunami evacuation drills, had been implemented. Despite these preparedness efforts, approximately 18 500 deaths and cases of missing persons occurred. The death rate with the age of 65 and above was particularly high, four times higher than that with other age groups. These interviews indicate that deaths resulted from a variety of reasons, but if residents had taken immediate action after the major ground motion stopped, most residents might have been saved. Education about the science behind earthquakes and tsunamis could help save more lives in the future.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Mori, Nobuhito;Takahashi, Tomoyuki;Yanagisawa, Hideaki
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
Beroza, Gregory C.