Roles of IFN-γ and γδ T Cells in Protective Immunity Against Blood-Stage Malaria.
Roles of IFN-γ and γδ T Cells in Protective Immunity Against Blood-Stage Malaria.
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IFN-γ和γδT细胞在保护性疟疾的保护性免疫中的作用。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00258
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kobayashi F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inoue S;Niikura M;Mineo S;Kobayashi F
疟疾是由疟原虫寄生虫感染引起的。对基因敲除小鼠的各种研究表明，IFN-γ 在针对血液期疟原虫感染的保护性免疫中发挥着重要作用。然而，疟原虫感染后，各种类型细胞产生的 IFN-γ 增加，不仅涉及保护性免疫，还涉及免疫病理学。最近的报告表明，IFN-γ 作为促炎细胞因子，不仅诱导巨噬细胞的激活，而且在疟原虫感染后诱导罕见的骨髓淋巴祖细胞的生成。然而，IFN-γ对造血干细胞和祖细胞的影响尚不清楚。因此，疟原虫感染过程中IFN-γ对造血的调节仍有待阐明。尽管关于 γδ T 细胞在对抗疟原虫感染的保护性免疫中的重要性存在相互矛盾的报道，但在血期疟疾的早期，γδ T 细胞可能对感染做出反应并产生 IFN-γ 作为先天免疫细胞。我们最近的研究表明，疟原虫感染后，γδ T 细胞表达 CD40 配体并产生 IFN-γ，导致树突状细胞活化增强，作为消灭疟原虫寄生虫的免疫反应的一部分。这些数据表明γδ T细胞的功能与NK细胞相似。尽管一些报告表明γδ T细胞有可能在各种感染中充当记忆细胞，但记忆γδ T细胞是否是由疟原虫感染产生的以及记忆γδ T细胞是否有助于宿主防御疟原虫的再次感染仍有待确定。在此，我们总结并讨论了 IFN-γ 和 γδ T 细胞的各种功能在血期疟原虫感染中的作用。
Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. Various studies with knockout mice have indicated that IFN-γ plays essential roles in protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection. However, after Plasmodium infection, increased IFN-γ production by various types of cells is involved not only in protective immunity, but also in immunopathology. Recent reports have shown that IFN-γ acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine to induce not only the activation of macrophages, but also the generation of uncommon myelolymphoid progenitor cells after Plasmodium infection. However, the effects of IFN-γ on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells are unclear. Therefore, the regulation of hematopoiesis by IFN-γ during Plasmodium infection remains to be clarified. Although there are conflicting reports concerning the significance of γδ T cells in protective immunity against Plasmodium infection, γδ T cells may respond to infection and produce IFN-γ as innate immune cells in the early phase of blood-stage malaria. Our recent studies have shown that γδ T cells express CD40 ligand and produce IFN-γ after Plasmodium infection, resulting in the enhancement of dendritic cell activation as part of the immune response to eliminate Plasmodium parasites. These data suggest that the function of γδ T cells is similar to that of NK cells. Although several reports suggest that γδ T cells have the potential to act as memory cells for various infections, it remains to be determined whether memory γδ T cells are generated by Plasmodium infection and whether memory γδ T cells can contribute to the host defense against re-infection with Plasmodium. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of IFN-γ and the various functions of γδ T cells in blood-stage Plasmodium infection.