Pathogenicity and transmission of chytridiomycosis in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
Pathogenicity and transmission of chytridiomycosis in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
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DOI：
10.1643/cp-02-120r1
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发表时间：
2003-09-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Brunner, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidson, EW;Parris, M;Brunner, J
在美国亚利桑那州南部采集的虎纹蛙Ambystoma tigrum stebbinsi中发现了一种壶菌--树枝杆菌(Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis)。用纯培养物感染变态火蜥蜴，然后再从这些火蜥蜴身上分离出来，这就满足了科赫的假设。我们使用火蜥蜴品系和从亚利桑那州低地豹蛙分离的品系，雅瓦氏林蛙，感染变态虎纹蛙、雅瓦氏林蛙和博利林蛙。这三个物种都被感染了，但受感染的火蜥蜴都没有在60天内死亡，尽管样本量很小，但受感染青蛙的死亡率与对照组没有显著差异。感染60d后，大部分感染蛙和一只感染火蜥蜴的组织学检查均未检测到壶菌感染。到目前为止，在网站上有三个关于火蜥蜴棘球菌病的记录；我们是第一个关于北美火蜥蜴野外采集的棘霉菌病的发生和病理的完整报告。我们的研究结果还表明，棘球菌病并不总是会导致死亡。同一物种内的个体对感染的易感性不同，动物似乎可以从感染中恢复过来，而同种蜥蜴和青蛙可能是壶菌感染的相互病原体储存库。
A chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was found in salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi, collected in southern Arizona, USA. The chytrid was isolated and cultured, and Koch's postulates were satisfied by infection of metamorphosed salamanders with pure culture and subsequent reisolation from these salamanders. We used the salamander strain and a strain isolated from lowland leopard frogs in Arizona, Rana yavapaiensis, to infect metamorphosed A. tigrinum, R. yavapaiensis, and R. boylii. All three species became infected, but none of the infected salamanders died within 60 days, and mortality of infected frogs did not differ significantly from controls, although sample size was small. Chytrid infection could not be detected by light histology in most of the infected frogs and one of the infected salamanders 60 days after infection. To date, there are three records of chytridiomycosis in salamanders on websites; ours is the first complete report of occurrence and pathology of chytridiomycosis in field-collected North American salamanders. Our results also demonstrate that chytridiomycosis does not always lead to mortality. Individuals within a species vary in susceptibility to infection, animals appear to recover from the infection, and syntopic salamanders and frogs may act as reciprocal pathogen reservoirs for chytrid infections.