Control deprivation and styles of thinking.
Control deprivation and styles of thinking.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026316
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Xinyue Zhou;Lingnan He;Qing Yang;Junpeng Lao;R. Baumeister
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xinyue Zhou;Lingnan He;Qing Yang;Junpeng Lao;R. Baumeister
西方人习惯于用分析性的方式思考，而东亚人则倾向于整体的思维方式。我们复制了这种差异，但显示在对照剥夺(实验1)后，这种差异消失了。短暂的控制剥夺经历刺激了对控制的渴望，导致中国参与者以多种方式转向西式分析思维(实验2-5)。在控制剥夺后，西方高加索人的参与者也增加了分析性思维的使用(实验6)。要求中国参与者以西方的分析方式思考的操纵导致他们的个人控制感增加(实验7-9)。过去的研究表明，长期的控制剥夺会培养一种更类似于习得性无助的态度，而不是努力控制，但这种经历会产生相反的效果，导致中国参与者重新转向一种强烈的整体性思维方式(实验10-12)。综上所述，这些结果支持了文化认知差异的现实，但也支持了在寻求提高个人控制力时使用分析思维的跨文化相似性。
Westerners habitually think in analytical ways, whereas East Asians tend to favor holistic styles of thinking. We replicated this difference but showed that it disappeared after control deprivation (Experiment 1). Brief experiences of control deprivation, which stimulate increased desire for control, caused Chinese participants to shift toward Western-style analytical thinking in multiple ways (Experiments 2-5). Western Caucasian participants also increased their use of analytical thinking after control deprivation (Experiment 6). Manipulations that required Chinese participants to think in Western, analytical ways caused their sense of personal control to increase (Experiments 7-9). Prolonged experiences of control deprivation, which past work suggested foster an attitude more akin to learned helplessness than striving for control, had the opposite effect of causing Chinese participants to shift back toward a strongly holistic style of thinking (Experiments 10-12). Taken together, the results support the reality of cultural differences in cognition but also the cross-cultural similarity of using analytical thinking when seeking to enhance personal control.