Methods of association and dissociation for establishing selective brain-behavior relations.
Methods of association and dissociation for establishing selective brain-behavior relations.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00011-2
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Edith V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fama, Rosemary;Sullivan, Edith V
在过去的世纪中，识别和理解脑结构-功能关系的方法已经从与局灶性脑损伤相关的选择性损伤的敏锐观察发展到通过结合定量神经心理学评估和脑成像测量的解离。脑成像模式中增强的空间和时间分辨率已经导致脑的子结构、微结构完整性和神经网络的功能连接的精细可视化和量化。双重分离模型是一个黄金标准，用来证明特定的认知、情感、感觉或运动过程选择性地与特定的大脑区域或神经网络相关，而不是与其他区域或神经网络相关。该模型提供了一个富有成效的手段来测试功能定位的假设，并使检查和建立组件的过程，有助于复杂的认知和运动功能，解析多因素的行为和识别大脑区域，和网络subserving这些复杂的能力。在这一章中，我们讨论了解离模型的演变，并强调了目前如何使用该模型的修改来建立选择性的脑行为关系，如慢性酒精中毒，具有神经病理学特征，但没有定位，占位病变。
Methods for identifying and understanding brain structure-function relations have evolved over the past century, from astute observations of selective impairments associated with focal brain damage to dissociations measured by combining quantitative neuropsychologic assessment and brain imaging. Enhanced spatial and temporal resolution in brain imaging modalities has led to refined visualization and quantification of the brain's substructures, microstructural integrity, and functional connectivity of neural networks. The double dissociation model has been a gold standard used to demonstrate that a particular cognitive, emotional, sensory, or motor process is selectively related to a particular brain region or neural network and not to others. This model has provided a fruitful means for testing hypotheses of functional localization and enabled examination and establishment of component processes contributing to complex cognitive and motor functions, parsing multifactorial behaviors and identifying brain regions, and networks subserving these complex abilities. In this chapter we discuss the evolution of the dissociation model and highlight how the modifications of this model are used presently to establish selective brain-behavior relationships in disorders such as chronic alcoholism with a neuropathologic signature but no localizable, space-occupying lesion.