The sooty moulds
The sooty moulds
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DOI：
10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
Hyde, Kevin D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chomnunti, Putarak;Hongsanan, Sinang;Hyde, Kevin D.
黑霉是一种非凡的真菌，但人们对其了解甚少。它们在果实和叶片表面覆盖黑色菌丝，这降低了寄主植物的光合作用速率。然而，很少有研究人员试图量化它们的经济重要性。在形态学水平上对黑霉菌进行了很好的研究，但在基于系统发育的自然分类中却很少有代表。目前已知的代表属有触角蕨科、毛蕨科、毛蕨科、球蕨科、原触角蕨科、元蕨蕨科和毛蕨科以及几个杂科。然而，只有5个家族的分子数据可用。大多数黑霉菌落包括许多种类，因此很难确定属或有性和无性状态之间的关系。未来的研究需要获得物种的单孢子分离物，以测试它们的系统发育亲缘性和形态之间的联系。下一代测序显示，烟霉菌落包含比预期更多的真菌物种，但不清楚哪些物种在群落中占主导地位或活跃。它们在热带、亚热带和暖温带地区更为常见，因此它们在温带地区的流行率可能随着全球变暖而增加。黑霉很少被真菌类群寄生，这些真菌类群可能具有生物防治潜力。它们显然生长在极端的环境中，可能是嗜干的。这需要测试，因为嗜干分类群可能对工业应用感兴趣。烟霉生长在糖上，似乎比典型的“杂草”真菌和细菌更有竞争力。它们可能为此目的生产抗生素，它们在获得用于医学应用的新型生物活性化合物方面的生化潜力尚未得到充分开发。
Sooty moulds are a remarkable, but poorly understood group of fungi. They coat fruits and leaves superficially with black mycelia, which reduces photosynthesis rates of host plants. Few researchers have, however, tried to quantify their economic importance. Sooty moulds have been well-studied at the morphological level, but they are poorly represented in a natural classification based on phylogeny. Representatives are presently known in Antennulariellaceae, Capnodiaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Coccodiniaceae, Euantennariaceae, Metacapnodiaceae and Trichomeriaceae and several miscellaneous genera. However, molecular data is available for only five families. Most sooty mould colonies comprise numerous species and thus it is hard to confirm relationships between genera or sexual and asexual states. Future studies need to obtain single spore isolates of species to test their phylogenetic affinities and linkages between morphs. Next generation sequencing has shown sooty mould colonies to contain many more fungal species than expected, but it is not clear which species are dominant or active in the communities. They are more common in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions and thus their prevalence in temperate regions is likely to increase with global warming. Sooty moulds are rarely parasitized by fungicolous taxa and these may have biocontrol potential. They apparently grow in extreme environments and may be xerophilic. This needs testing as xerophilic taxa may be of interest for industrial applications. Sooty moulds grow on sugars and appear to out-compete typical "weed" fungi and bacteria. They may produce antibiotics for this purpose and their biochemical potential for obtaining novel bioactive compounds for medical application is underexplored.