Stem Cell Therapy for the Inner Ear: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Stem Cell Therapy for the Inner Ear: Recent Advances and Future Directions
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DOI：
10.1177/1084713812440336
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelley, Matthew W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Okano, Takayuki;Kelley, Matthew W.
在脊椎动物中，声音、运动和平衡的感知是通过位于内耳内的机械感觉毛细胞介导的。在哺乳动物中，毛细胞仅在胚胎发育的短时期内产生。因此，由于损伤、疾病或基因突变而导致的毛细胞损失会导致永久性的感觉缺陷。目前，人工耳蜗植入是极重度听力损失的唯一选择。然而，结果仍然是可变的，即使是最好的植入物也不能提供生物耳的敏锐度。最近出现的干细胞技术有可能为毛细胞再生开辟新的途径。这篇综述的目的是从内耳疾病的临床应用角度总结内耳干细胞研究的现状，以说明互补研究如何有潜力促进和完善内耳疾病的干细胞治疗。该综述首先讨论了我们目前对在正常发育过程中调节内耳祖细胞形成毛细胞的遗传途径的理解。随后的章节讨论了内源性内耳干细胞诱导修复的可能用途，以及旨在将干细胞移植到耳中的初步研究。
In vertebrates, perception of sound, motion, and balance is mediated through mechanosensory hair cells located within the inner ear. In mammals, hair cells are only generated during a short period of embryonic development. As a result, loss of hair cells as a consequence of injury, disease, or genetic mutation, leads to permanent sensory deficits. At present, cochlear implantation is the only option for profound hearing loss. However, outcomes are still variable and even the best implant cannot provide the acuity of a biological ear. The recent emergence of stem cell technology has the potential to open new approaches for hair cell regeneration. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of inner ear stem cell research from a viewpoint of its clinical application for inner ear disorders to illustrate how complementary studies have the potential to promote and refine stem cell therapies for inner ear diseases. The review initially discusses our current understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate hair cell formation from inner ear progenitors during normal development. Subsequent sections discuss the possible use of endogenous inner ear stem cells to induce repair as well as the initial studies aimed at transplanting stem cells into the ear.