All Categories Are Equal, but Some Categories Are More Equal Than Others: The Psychometric Structure of Object and Face Cognition
All Categories Are Equal, but Some Categories Are More Equal Than Others: The Psychometric Structure of Object and Face Cognition
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000511
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hildebrandt, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cepulic, Dominik-Borna;Wilhelm, Oliver;Hildebrandt, Andrea
最近关于对象认知（OC）的个体差异的研究集中在确定对象如何组合在一起，以及集群背后的处理类型是单一领域一般过程还是多个特定领域的过程。专家假设表明，所有的对象类别都是由负责区分视觉上相似的对象的相同机制处理的。人们期望这种能力在处理具有更高专业知识的对象时更具体地表达出来。领域特异性假说假设，不同的对象类别，例如，有生命的对象与无生命的对象，是通过不同的机制处理的。在本研究中，我们旨在研究(a)根据个体差异，多个对象如何组合在一起；(b)基于对个体差异进行建模的最新统计方法的专家假设；(c)任务难度是否影响语言障碍的个体差异结构。我们对N = 186名参与者应用了记忆任务，使用多重。理论上选择的对象类别分为五组——活的/移动的（鱼，蝴蝶），活的/不移动的（花，树叶），非活的/移动的（汽车，摩托车），非活的/不移动的（房子）。椅子)和脸——并报告了三个主要发现。(a)就个体差异而言，OC的因子空间可由一般OC因子、特定Vehicle因子和Face因子三个因素来解释；(b)没有明确的证据支持专家假设；(c)任务难度不影响组织结构。我们得出结论，对象处理中的领域特定机制不能被忽视。
Recent research on individual differences in object cognition (OC) focused on determining how objects group together, and what type of processing lies behind the clusters-a single domain-general or multiple domain-specific processes. The expertise hypothesis suggests that all object categories are processed by the same mechanism that is responsible for differentiating visually similar objects. This ability is expected to be more specifically expressed in processing objects for which people have higher expertise. The domain-specificity hypothesis postulates that different object categories, for example, living versus nonliving objects, are processed employing different mechanisms. In the present study we aimed to study (a) how multiple objects group together in terms of individual differences; (b) the expertise hypothesis based on up-to-date statistical methods of modeling individual differences; (c) whether task difficulty influences the structure of individual differences in OC. We applied a memory task to N = 186 participants, by using multiple. theoretically chosen object categories divided into five groups-living/mobile (fish, butterflies), living/immobile (flowers, leaves), nonliving/mobile (cars, motorbikes), nonliving/immobile (houses. chairs) and faces-and report three main findings. (a) In terms of individual differences, the factor space of OC can be accounted by three factors-general OC factor along with a specific Vehicle and Face factor; (b) there is no clear evidence for the expertise hypothesis; and (c) task difficulty does not influence the OC structure. We conclude that domain-specific mechanisms in object processing cannot be dismissed.