RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?
RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?
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DOI：
10.1017/s1742058x11000087
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Williams DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sternthal MJ;Slopen N;Williams DR
尽管人们普遍假设压力存在种族差异，并且压力是将种族地位与健康状况差联系起来的关键调解人，但相对较少的研究明确研究了这一前提。我们研究了压力在种族群体中的分布，以及压力脆弱性和暴露在解释黑人，西班牙裔和白色成年人社区样本中健康种族差异中的作用，采用建模策略，解释了压力源类型和压力源积累之间的相关性，以预测健康结果。我们发现显着的种族差异的整体和累积暴露于八个压力领域。黑人比白人表现出更高的患病率和更大的高压力分数集群。美国出生的西班牙裔显示出与黑人相当的压力源积累的患病率和模式，而外国出生的西班牙裔的压力概况与白人相似。多种压力源与身体和精神健康状况不佳相关，其中财务和关系压力源表现出最大和最一致的影响。虽然我们没有发现支持压力脆弱性假说，压力暴露假说确实解释了一些种族健康差异。我们讨论了未来的研究和政策的影响。
Despite the widespread assumption that racial differences in stress exist and that stress is a key mediator linking racial status to poor health, relatively few studies have explicitly examined this premise. We examine the distribution of stress across racial groups and the role of stress vulnerability and exposure in explaining racial differences in health in a community sample of Black, Hispanic, and White adults, employing a modeling strategy that accounts for the correlation between types of stressors and the accumulation of stressors in the prediction of health outcomes. We find significant racial differences in overall and cumulative exposure to eight stress domains. Blacks exhibit a higher prevalence and greater clustering of high stress scores than Whites. American-born Hispanics show prevalence rates and patterns of accumulation of stressors comparable to Blacks, while foreign-born Hispanics have stress profiles similar to Whites. Multiple stressors correlate with poor physical and mental health, with financial and relationship stressors exhibiting the largest and most consistent effects. Though we find no support for the stress-vulnerability hypothesis, the stress-exposure hypothesis does account for some racial health disparities. We discuss implications for future research and policy.