Selective processing of threatening words in anxiety: The role of awareness
Selective processing of threatening words in anxiety: The role of awareness
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DOI：
10.1080/026999396380114
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Fox, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, E
在三个实验中，高特质焦虑和低特质焦虑的个体被要求将位于中心的数字分类为奇数或偶数，同时忽略空间上独立的威胁相关或中性词。研究发现，当刺激在短暂暴露（14 毫秒）后被模式掩盖时，高度焦虑的受试者会表现出处理威胁性刺激的选择性偏差。然而，这种自动处理偏差仅在某些条件下才明显：分散注意力的事物处于集中注意力的范围内；掩盖和未掩盖的干扰物随机混合；或在未掩盖试验之后提出掩盖试验。这些结果表明，高特质焦虑个体的自动处理偏差受到情境因素的影响。还有人认为有意识（未掩盖）和无意识（掩盖）状态之间的注意力偏差存在质的差异，为无意识的感知提供了证据。讨论了这些结果的理论意义。
In three experiments, high and low trait-anxious individuals were required to classify a centrally located number as odd or even while ignoring spatially separate threat-related or neutral words. It was found that high anxious subjects showed a selective bias to process threatening stimuli when the stimuli were pattern masked after a brief exposure (14msec). However, this automatic processing bias was apparent only under certain conditions: distracters were within focal attention; masked and unmasked distracters were randomly intermixed; or masked trials were presented after unmasked trials. These results suggest that automatic processing biases in high trait-anxious individuals are influenced by contextual factors. There was also a suggestion of a qualitative difference in attentional bias between conscious (unmasked) and nonconscious (masked) states, providing evidence for perception without awareness. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed.