Movement and Emotional Facial Expressions during the Adult Attachment Interview: Interaction Effects of Attachment and Anxiety Disorder
Movement and Emotional Facial Expressions during the Adult Attachment Interview: Interaction Effects of Attachment and Anxiety Disorder
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DOI：
10.1159/000512127
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发表时间：
2021-02-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Petrowski, Katja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altmann, Uwe;Friemann, Catharina;Petrowski, Katja
引言：成人依恋通常与情绪调节有关。对成人依恋的非语言体现知之甚少。目的：我们假设，忽视型依恋与较少的动作和较少的面部表情有关，而专注型依恋与更多的负面情绪面部表情有关。此外，依恋和焦虑症（AD）的存在的相互作用进行了探讨。研究方法：样本包括95名个体，其中21名患有AD而没有合并症，21名患有AD和合并症抑郁症（AD-CD），以及53名健康对照。我们分析了在成人依恋访谈（AAI）中询问家庭和父母形象的非语言行为。受访者的动作是通过运动能量分析捕捉的。根据面部动作编码系统使用OpenFace软件对面部表情进行编码。我们比较了具有安全、轻视和专注心理状态（用AAI评估）的个体的动作频率和复杂性以及面部表情（如快乐、悲伤和轻蔑）的频率。结果：正如预期的那样，轻视型依恋的个体比安全型依恋的个体移动的频率更低，复杂性也更低。在情绪面部表情方面，发现了障碍组的主效应和障碍与依恋的交互效应，在AD-CD组中，轻视型依恋患者比安全型依恋患者表现出相对较少的快乐面部表情。结论：当受访者谈论重要的父母形象时，减少的运动似乎与消除依恋有关。当心理障碍加剧了适应不良的情绪调节策略时，与依恋相关的情绪的面部表情就会出现。
Introduction: Adult attachment is commonly associated with emotion regulation. Less is known about the nonverbal embodiment of adult attachment. Objective: We hypothesized that dismissing attachment is related to less movement and fewer facial expressions of emotions, whereas preoccupied attachment is associated with more negative emotional facial expressions. Moreover, the interaction of attachment and the presence of an anxiety disorder (AD) was explored. Methods: The sample included 95 individuals, 21 with AD without comorbidity, 21 with AD and comorbid major depression (AD-CD), and 53 healthy controls. We analyzed nonverbal behavior during a part of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) asking about the family and parental figures. The movements of the interviewees were captured via Motion Energy Analysis. Facial expressions were coded according to the Facial Action Coding System using the OpenFace software. We compared individuals with secure, dismissing, and preoccupied states of mind (assessed with the AAI) with regard to the frequency and complexity of movements and the frequency of the facial expressions such as happy, sad, and contemptuous. Results: As expected, dismissingly attached individuals moved less often and with lower complexity than securely attached. For emotional facial expressions, a main effect of the disorder group and interaction effects of attachment by disorder were found. In the AD-CD group, dismissingly attached patients showed comparatively fewer happy facial expressions than securely attached individuals. Conclusions: Reduced movement specifically seems to be related to dismissing attachment when interviewees talk about significant parental figures. Facial expressions of emotions related to attachment occurred when maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were intensified by a psychological disorder.