Epidemic malaria in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java
Epidemic malaria in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.287
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Baird, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barcus, MJ;Laihad, F;Baird, JK
经过50多年的有效管理，复发的疟疾威胁着印度尼西亚中爪哇省梅诺雷丘陵和迪昂高原山麓的居民。丁格高原占据着中爪哇的高原中心。陡峭的梅诺雷山被稻田栖息地包围，占地约500公里（2），没有超过1,000米的山峰。我们研究了梅诺雷山所在的三个区之一的普尔沃雷霍区的流行性疟疾。1986年至1995年期间，普尔沃雷霍的年寄生虫发病率（API）为每年每1 000名居民2至11例，通常约为每1 000人5例。2000年的API为44.5。这种急剧增加仅限于梅诺雷丘陵和迪昂高原山麓及其周围的分区。疟疾的主要传播媒介是斑按蚊（Anopheles maculatus）和巴拉巴克按蚊（Anopheles balabacensis），这些媒介喜欢在爪哇陡峭的森林山坡上传播。病媒控制活动的恶化以及随后1997年经济的严重衰退可能是造成这一流行病的原因。梅诺雷丘陵和迪昂高原下游的疟疾威胁着长有乌头按蚊的稻田周围地区以及附近的沿海栖息地，在那里，效率更高的媒介孙代按蚊大量出现。在1950年代有效的滴滴涕喷洒和氯喹治疗运动之前，生活在爪哇岛上的1.3亿人中的大多数人从未经历过岛上大部分地区发生的高度流行和全流行疟疾。重新出现的地方性疟疾威胁着爪哇岛。
After more than 50 years of effective management, resurgent malaria threatens residents in the Menoreh Hills and the foothills of the Dieng Plateau of Central Java, Indonesia. The Dieng Plateau dominates the highland center of Central Java. The steep Menoreh Hills, surrounded by rice paddy habitats, cover approximately 500 km(2) with no peaks greater than 1,000 m. We studied epidemic malaria in Purworejo district, one of the three districts containing the Menoreh Hills. Between 1986 and 1995, the annual parasite incidence (API) in Purworejo ranged from 2 to 11 cases per 1,000 residents per year and was typically approximately 5 per 1,000. In 2000 the API was 44.5. This sharp increase was confined to subdistricts in and around the Menoreh Hills and Dieng Plateau foothills. The primary vectors of malaria, those favoring steep, forested hillsides on Java, were Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles balabacensis. Deterioration of vector control activity, followed by a severe economic downturn in 1997, may explain the epidemic. Malaria in the Menoreh Hills and lower Dieng Plateau threatens surrounding areas of rice paddy inhabited by Anopheles aconitus as well as a nearby coastal habitat where the even more efficient vector Anopheles sundaicus occurs in abundance. Most of the 130 million people living on Java never experienced the hyper- and holoendemic malaria that occurred throughout most of the island before the effective DDT spraying and chloroquine treatment campaigns of the 1950s. Reintroduced endemic malaria threatens the island of Java.