Rhinitis and sinusitis
Rhinitis and sinusitis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Hamilos, Daniel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dykewicz, Mark S.;Hamilos, Daniel L.
鼻炎和鼻窦炎是最常见的疾病之一，经常被联系在一起。在西方社会，估计有10%到25%的人口患有过敏性鼻炎，美国每年有3000万到6000万人受到影响。据估计，在美国，鼻窦炎每年影响3100万患者。鼻炎和鼻窦炎都会显著降低生活质量，加重并存状况，并需要大量的直接医疗费用。这两种情况还给社会造成了更大的间接成本，因为它们造成了工作和上学天数的损失，并降低了工作场所的生产率和学校的学习。过敏性鼻炎的治疗包括避免，许多药物选择，以及在适当选择的患者中进行过敏原免疫治疗。各种类型的非过敏性鼻炎可以通过避免措施和更有限的药物组合来治疗。在本综述中，鼻窦炎和鼻窦炎是同义词。持续时间不到7天的急性上呼吸道疾病最常见的是由病毒性疾病(病毒性鼻窦炎)引起的，而急性细菌性鼻窦炎更有可能超过7至10天。虽然治疗急性细菌性鼻窦炎的主要药物是抗生素，但慢性鼻窦炎的治疗就不那么简单了，因为只有一些慢性鼻窦炎病例有感染基础。慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)分为3种类型，即不伴鼻息肉的CRS、伴鼻息肉的CRS和变应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎。根据存在的CRS的类型，可能需要各种内科和外科方法。(《过敏与免疫杂志》2010；125：S103-15。)
Rhinitis and sinusitis are among the most common medical conditions and are frequently associated. In Western societies an estimated 10% to 25% of the population have allergic rhinitis, with 30 to 60 million persons being affected annually in the United States. It is estimated that sinusitis affects 31 million patients annually in the United States. Both rhinitis and sinusitis can significantly decrease quality of life, aggravate comorbid conditions, and require significant direct medical expenditures. Both conditions also create even greater indirect costs to society by causing lost work and school days and reduced workplace productivity and school learning. Management of allergic rhinitis involves avoidance, many pharmacologic options, and, in appropriately selected patients, allergen immunotherapy. Various types of nonallergic rhinitis are treated with avoidance measures and a more limited repertoire of medications. For purposes of this review, sinusitis and rhinosinusitis are synonymous terms. An acute upper respiratory illness of less than approximately 7 days' duration is most commonly caused by viral illness (viral rhinosinusitis), whereas acute bacterial sinusitis becomes more likely beyond 7 to 10 days. Although the mainstay of management of acute bacterial sinusitis is antibiotics, treatment of chronic sinusitis is less straightforward because only some chronic sinusitis cases have an infectious basis. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been subdivided into 3 types, namely CRS without nasal polyps, CRS with nasal polyps, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Depending on the type of CRS present, a variety of medical and surgical approaches might be required. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:S103-15.)