Import and export of atmospheric water vapor between nations
Import and export of atmospheric water vapor between nations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.016
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发表时间：
2009-02-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
DelSole, Timothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dirmeyer, Paul A.;Brubaker, Kaye L.;DelSole, Timothy
我们应用了一种方法来估计蒸发源区域，为世界上大多数国家的地区提供特定区域的降水。该方法过去曾被用来估算特定河流流域的回收率和提供降雨的地表水分来源。扩展到国家很简单，我们已经纳入了其他人口统计信息，以便通过水文循环的大气分支获得关于国家之间联系的新观点。我们发现，当按共同面积计算时，回收率最高的国家要么同时具有山区地形、潮湿的气候，要么位于高纬度地区。规模回收率最低的国家通常是半干旱地区和沿海地区。内陆小国的大部分降水最有可能来自其他国家领土的蒸发。对于孤立的大国来说，“水分独立”是最重要的。大部分降水来自人均降水量较低的国家（即更“缺水”的国家）的国家，其本身经济上往往并不富裕，但往往也是人口密度低于邻国的贫穷国家。 (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
We have applied a methodology for estimating the source regions of evaporation supplying precipitation over specific regions to the areas of most of the nations of the world. The methodology has been used in the past to estimate recycling ratios and the surface sources of moisture supplying rainfall over specific river basins. Extension to nations is straightforward, and we have incorporated other demographic information to gain a new viewpoint on the linkages between nations through the atmospheric branch of the hydrologic cycle. We find that nations with the highest recycling ratio, when scaled to a common area, have a combination of mountainous terrain, humid climate, or are at high latitudes. Nations with the lowest scaled recycling ratio are usually and or semi-arid and on the coast. Small landlocked nations are most likely to receive most of their precipitation from the evaporation of the territories of other nations. "Moisture independence" is greatest for large isolated nations. Nations that import a majority of their precipitating moisture from other countries who rank lower in terms per capita precipitation, i.e., more "water-poor" nations, tend not to be economically rich themselves, but are often also poor nations possessing lower population densities than their neighbors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.