Do chromosomes cross talk?
Do chromosomes cross talk?
复制标题
染色体会串扰吗？
DOI：
10.1126/science.7313692
复制
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
R. Lewin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Lewin
加州研究所的分子生物学家埃里克·戴维森（Eric Davidson）说：“现在，任何能让我们从真核基因组的角度来思考细胞核的东西都是错误的，所以这种松散的分子分类是一种想法，很可能是正确的，但值得鼓励。”“如果这是真的，”多佛补充说，”它tute of技术，评论印度将是极其重要的。来自加州大学的约翰阳离子从多个消息来源得知，染色体排列的预测是在弗朗西斯科进行的，他确信这是真的。在核中有能力和有序的方式。“有很多旧的数据来支持它，”“证据看起来非常令人印象深刻，”他坚持说。他补充说，特别提到迈克尔自然和科学技术，班尼特的工作在植物育种然而，合谋阻碍搜索研究所，剑桥，英国。原子核中的秩序首先，细胞学文献从回到个体染色体经历微妙的世纪是点缀着暗示结构变化在细胞周期或在细胞核中，但没有明确的，使他们几乎无可辩驳的事实证明，更少的是能够在显微镜下的任何理由，它可能是如何来的时候。加上这一点，大部分的约。在美国，细胞学家为保守党开发的几种实验室方法的研究人员现在正在研究染色体，这些方法包括首先引入有说服力的挤压细胞核的数据，以便任何顺序的细胞核都是有序的。班尼特的工作，可能已经不可避免地是没有（只提供这样的证据，但也在很大程度上摧毁。增加了一个基本原理的法律基础的早期信念，色序。有些细胞是根据细胞学家对细胞核内组织的规律性规则的持续寻找而排列的，这种规律一直持续到20世纪30年代，后来消失了。特里阿什利的动机主要是需要在田纳西大学，和N。在加拿大卡尔加里的波考克，他观察到染色体的行为，因此在细胞周期的某些时间，但在配子形成过程中，他能够观察到以下现象。尽管延长-当性细胞在减数分裂过程中形成相反的证据，它一直是sis，同源染色体必须广泛假设多年来，“找到”对方之前，染色体的分离随机排列在完整的二倍体补体进入细胞核。从这两个基本的等价的单倍体集合开始。假设，即同源物配对和随后在减数分裂中相互“发现”的分离成为同源物的手段，是从最令人困惑的问题之一混沌中产生的秩序的一个例子吗？或者，今天的细胞遗传学家面临着一种潜在的模式。“然而，在阿什利自己的工作中，帮助达到这种秩序的是减数分裂点？当他试图回答细胞核中的染色体和这个问题时，班尼特遇到了一些明显的推断，可能反映了更高水平的服务，也许甚至更大的乐趣组织。“我选择了与重要的工作。班尼特解释说：“如果百合（万年青）的染色体真的是以一致的模式排列的--只有三对染色体，”她说，”那么这就是pos-explains。“因此，你有一个合理的可能性，手臂上的基因有一个机会看到存在什么秩序。“染色体可能影响阿什利的活动已经发现，在单倍体细胞中，相邻的三号染色体臂上的基因...
" Anything that gets us away from surprisesatwhatyoufindgoingoninthe thinking about the nucleus in terms of a eukaryotic genome these days, so this loose assortment of molecules is to be idea might well tum out to be true, but encouraged," says Eric Davidson, a mo-there is no way of knowing at the molecular biologist at the California Insti-ment." If it is true, adds Dover," it tute ofTechnology, commenting on indi-would be extremely important." John cations from a number of sources that Sedat, of the University of California, chromosomes are arranged in a predict-San Francisco, is sure it is true. able and ordered fashion in the nucleus." There's a lot of old data to support it,"" The evidence looks very impressive," he insists. he adds, referring particularly to Michael Nature and scientific technique have, Bennett's work at the Plant Breeding however, conspired to hinder the search Institute, Cambridge, England. for order in the nucleus. For a start, The cytology literature from back into individual chromosomes undergo subtle the 19th century is peppered with hints structural changes during the cell cycle oforder in the nucleus, but with no clear that make them virtually indistinguishdemonstration of the fact, still less with able under the microscope for much of any rationale of how it might come the time. Added to this, most of the about. Researchers in several labora-methods cytologists have developed for tories in the United States are now pro-looking at chromosomes involve first ducing data that are persuasive of con-squashing the nucleus, so that any order sistently ordered nuclei. Bennett's work that there might have been inevitably is no (only offers such evidence but also largely destroyed.. adds a rationale for the laws underlying The early conviction that chromoorder. somes are arranged according to some Cytologists' persistent search for signs regular rules continued until the 1930's of organization in the nucleus has been and then evaporated. Terry Ashley, of motivated largely by the need to under-the University of Tennessee, and N. stand the behavior of chromosomes at Pocock, of Calgary, Canada, therefore certain times of the cell cycle but partic-felt able to make the following observaularty during the formation of gametes. tion earlier this year:" Despite the exten-When sex cells are formed during meio-sive evidence to the contrary, it has been sis, homologous chromosomes must widely assumed for many years that" find" each other prior to segregation of chromosomes are randomly arranged in the complete diploid complement into the nucleus. Starting with this basic astwo equivalent haploid sets. Could the sumption, the means by which homologs pairing and subsequent separation ofho-'find'one another at meiosis becomes mologs be a case of order coming out of one of the most perplexing problems chaos, or is there an underlying pattern faced by cytogeneticists today." that aids the attainment of that order at Ashley's own work, however, points meiosis? to some kind of association between While he was trying to answer this chromosomes in the nucleus, and this, question Bennett came across some ob-she infers, might reflect a higher level of servations of perhaps even greater fun-organization." I chose to work with the damental importance." If chromosomes lily (Ornithogalum virens) because it has really are arranged in a consistent pat-only three pairs of chromosomes," she tern," suggests Bennett," then it is pos-explains." You therefore have a fair sible that the genes on the arm of one chance of seeing what order exists." chromosome might affect the activity of Ashley has found that in haploid cells the genes on the arm ofan adjacent chromo-three …