Primate Disease Ecology in Comparative and Theoretical Perspective
Primate Disease Ecology in Comparative and Theoretical Perspective
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比较和理论视角下的灵长类疾病生态学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
C. Nunn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Nunn
传染病在野生灵长类动物的生活中起着重要作用，过去十年我们对灵长类动物疾病生态学的理解取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我简要介绍了一些关键的发现，从系统发育比较的方法，重点分析寄生虫的丰富性，使用全球哺乳动物寄生虫数据库。虽然这些研究为基本问题提供了新的答案，但也出现了新的问题，包括关于产生更广泛系统发育模式的潜在流行病学机制的问题。我将讨论两个例子，其中理论模型给了我们新的牵引力，这些比较问题。首先，利用范围使用强度和蠕虫寄生虫丰富度之间正相关的发现，我们开发了一个空间显式的基于代理的模型来研究这种模式的潜在驱动因素。从这个模型中，我们获得了更深入的了解如何范围使用强度的结果，更大的接触寄生虫，从而产生较高的患病率在模拟人口，并理所当然地，较高的寄生虫丰富的比较分析。其次，我展示了疾病在社交网络上传播的模型，为理解社会性和群体规模对灵长类物种寄生的影响提供了坚实的理论基础。这项研究进一步表明，较大的社会群体更加细分，这应该会减缓传染病的传播。这种影响可以抵消较大社会群体中预期的疾病风险增加，这在我们的比较分析中尚未得到强有力的经验支持。除了这些例子，我讨论了需要更多的Meta分析记录在外地的个人层面的现象，并为理论建模和实地研究之间的联系。Am. J. Primatol. 74：497-509，2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Infectious disease plays a major role in the lives of wild primates, and the past decade has witnessed significant strides in our understanding of primate disease ecology. In this review, I briefly describe some key findings from phylogenetic comparative approaches, focusing on analyses of parasite richness that use the Global Mammal Parasite Database. While these studies have provided new answers to fundamental questions, new questions have arisen, including questions about the underlying epidemiological mechanisms that produce the broader phylogenetic patterns. I discuss two examples in which theoretical models have given us new traction on these comparative questions. First, drawing on findings of a positive association between range use intensity and the richness of helminth parasites, we developed a spatially explicit agent‐based model to investigate the underlying drivers of this pattern. From this model, we are gaining deeper understanding of how range use intensity results in greater exposure to parasites, thus producing higher prevalence in the simulated populations—and, plausibly, higher parasite richness in comparative analyses. Second, I show how a model of disease spread on social networks provides solid theoretical foundations for understanding the effects of sociality and group size on parasitism across primate species. This study further revealed that larger social groups are more subdivided, which should slow the spread of infectious diseases. This effect could offset the increased disease risk expected in larger social groups, which has yet to receive strong empirical support in our comparative analyses. In addition to these examples, I discuss the need for more meta‐analyses of individual‐level phenomena documented in the field, and for greater linkage between theoretical modeling and field research. Am. J. Primatol. 74:497–509, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.