Development of Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity and the Enduring Effect of Learned Value on Cognitive Control
Development of Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity and the Enduring Effect of Learned Value on Cognitive Control
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01331
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Somerville, Leah H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidow, Juliet Y.;Sheridan, Margaret A.;Somerville, Leah H.
抑制控制，即抑制不恰当反应的能力，是在目标导向行为服务中用于指导行为选择的过程。在中性环境下，抑制控制的成功率从儿童到成年都有所提高，并与PFC功能激活和连接性的发育变化有关。然而，在某些情况下，通过包括食欲暗示来进行抑制性控制的能力受到了挑战，这一现象在年轻人中可能特别明显。在这里，我们在8到25岁的横截面样本中检验了学习价值对抑制控制的影响的大小和时间持久性。参与者首先接受了对两个最初中性的线索的运动方法反应的条件反射，其中一个线索用金钱奖励强化，另一个没有金钱结果。随后，在功能磁共振成像中，参与者在非强化的去/不去范式中再次遇到这些线索作为不去做的目标。尽管随着年龄的增长，学习价值的影响越来越多地扰乱抑制控制，但在年轻人中，这种模式在任务过程中缓解，而在青春期，奖赏历史的损害效应持续存在。对于先前奖励的目标，成功的不去目标表现与右额下回的更多招募以及与年龄相关的额下回与腹内侧PFC之间的功能连接的增加有关，对于先前奖励的不去目标比对照目标。总而言之，结果表明，价值对目标和发展的复杂影响依赖于PFC中不同高阶区域之间的更多协调。
Inhibitory control, the capacity to suppress an inappropriate response, is a process employed for guiding action selection in the service of goal-directed behavior. Under neutral circumstances, inhibitory control success improves from childhood to adulthood and has been associated with developmental shifts in functional activation and connectivity of the PFC. However, the ability to exercise inhibitory control is challenged in certain contexts by including appetitive cues, a phenomenon that may be particularly pronounced in youths. Here, we examine the magnitude and temporal persistence of learned value's influence on inhibitory control in a cross-sectional sample of 8- to 25-year-olds. Participants first underwent conditioning of a motor approach response to two initially neutral cues, with one cue reinforced with monetary reward and the other with no monetary outcome. Subsequently, during fMRI, participants reencountered these cues as no-go targets in a nonreinforced go/no-go paradigm. Although the influence of learned value increasingly disrupted inhibitory control with increasing age, in young adults this pattern remitted over the course of the task, whereas during adolescence the impairing effect of reward history persisted. Successful no-go performance to the previously rewarded target was related to greater recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus and age-related increase in functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the ventromedial PFC for the previously rewarded no-go target over the control target. Together, results indicate the complex influence of value on goals over development relies upon the increased coordination of distinct higher-order regions in the PFC.